Lots Wife, Akhmatovas Version Essay -- essays research papers

&8220Lot&8217s Wife depicts the fate of a woman following her husband Lot on his departure of their native town Sodom. Sodom was a town that God destroyed, yet he granted Lot and his wife permission to fly the town before this occurrence. Wislawa Szymborska and Anna Akhmatova offer different versions and perspectives on the same story. Each of the authors use different elements of poetry to create two very laughable poesys that nonplus several similarities as well as many obvious differences. These two different poems be mainly different because of the point of view differs in for each one poem. Another thing that makes an important difference is how each of the poems begin, each one begins with a different situation, as the speaker is also different. The structure also is different,which affects the liquid state of the poem and how it is read, almost working with or reinforcing the tone. It is ironic how similar tone is in these two poems, yet the structure in each varies s ignificantly. There argon different connotations in each of these poems also, making them different. Each of these pieces imply different things to different extents. Akhmatova&8217s version leaves an abundant amount of information to figure divulge for ourselves while Szymborska&8217s uses connotation in a manner which gives us more detail as to what is going on. Although there are many differences in the two different versions of the same poem, several things contribute to the similarities among them. One of the most noticeable similarities is of course the general theme the story line, and tone. All of the elements of poetry are prevalent in both pieces. They bring the reader through different emotions taking them to different endings of the same story, yet they leave the reader with almost undistinguishable impressions of what occurred. The poem&8217s structure influences how it is read. Structure affects all of the other elements of poetry either directly or indirectly. Akhma tova&8217s version of this piece is organized into quatern stanzas. Akhmatova&8217s version includes line breaks ( hence the four stanzas ) that emphasize different portions of the poem, while Szymborska&8217s line breaks seem random because they do not structurally affect the poem. Szymborska&8217s poem is very fluid because she doesn&8217t separate the lines into stanzas as Akhmat... ...veral similarities between the two poems. Both versions contain immense irony concerning why the woman looks back. The reasoning in both Akhmatova&8217s and Szymborska&8217s poems contradict themselves. As mentioned several times earlier the same impression is left upon the reader for the most part, although each version could be interpreted by the reader several different ways, just as they could be explicated differently in parity to each other. The title is interestingly identical for both poems, despite the immense differences otherwise. Tone is also a prevalent similarity, as when looked at side by side the same tone exists, even though there are many other factors that effect this element. In conclusion, &8220Lot&8217s Wife is a poem that contains many messages, as achieved differently by different authors. The elements of poetry work hand in hand and are all contingent upon one other to achieve the desired result. Each of the versions of &8220Lot&8217s Wife that have beenexamined are evidence of this. These pieces are incomparable in quality, because they each have their own unique characteristics and make their own statements.

karma :: essays research papers

Christians and Americans different from Japanese. But here too the core experiences were the same. There are obviously two sides of the story. One must look at both sides with careful eye and determine for they what they believe is true. This is where the idea of reincarnation comes in. Because it is 7 incorporated in so many religions, you find an answer to a question, which you truly want to know the answer to, and do non abandon your faith in doing so. Reincarnation is detected in many religions. Reincarnation is commonly thought of as a Hindu philosophy and it is traced back to Hinduism, yet it can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Buddhism and in many more religions. In Judaism, reincarnation is known as Gilgul. Though it has a different name it has almost the exact same meaning. Gilgul was a dominant teaching in Judaism for all over three hundred years. Cabala, a book of Judaism, which is often, studied by Rabbis, one of the holy books of the Jews which talks of reinca rnation. Rabbi Steinsaltz (Cranston 181) is an authority on the Cabala. He states According to Cabalistic doctrine, the Torah contains not only manifest but as well hidden truths the same transcendent God whom the Bible celebrates as supreme king and lawgiver is, from the mystical also an infinity of divine knight that exists as the foundation of every human beings soul. For me, every soul is an emanation or spark of the divine, and its ultimate purpose is to reward the God it came from.... I hope to demonstrate the secrets of the Cabbala-, which rationalistic Rabbis of the nineteenth century dismissed as dangerous magic-, are fully consonant with tralatitious Rabbinic Judaism. (181) 7 this view is also held by a large group of Orthodox Jews known as the Hasidim. Reincarnation is universally taught among them. On the separate hand, the soul, its life and immortality are rarely mentioned in the Old Testament. There is also no direct denial of it either. In the Book of Job (1414), Job just asks, If a man dies will he live again? but receives no answer. So in the Old Testament, reincarnation is not ruled off it is just not brought up as a major point in the book. On the other hand, if one were to look into the Bible, the question of like afterward death is brought up and answered.

Violent Behavior and the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Violent Behavior and the Brain - Do we know it all?The DMZ, which runs through Central Vietnam is a place where undisputed violence was unleashed for everywhere a decade in the late sixties and early seventies. During the year that I worked in Vietnam, I often returned to this spot to watch the American Veterans, who would survive at the top of Marble Mountain, withered, with vacant stargons out towards the stretch of beach known only to the Americans as China. It was mystifying to consider the sharp contrast that must(prenominal) have seemed all too apparent to them as the sounds of war loomed in their memories and the calm ocean stretched out before them now so serenely. It was then that I first started to consider what causes man to become so enraged as to commit atrocities of the mind, body and soul. Violence - pure and simple, is intrinsic to humanity. It almost goes unnoticed as a way of liveness in many communities. Drive through North Philadelphia on a spring afternoon an d witness what appears to be life disappearing, receding under the concrete and graffiti. Look closer and witness the bullet holes in the walls of homes and cars. Still, there are other communities, such as North Brooklyn, where the vagabond of crime has been diminishing for the past twenty-five years. It seems, in fact, that reddened crime does not behave as predicted. Social scientists have begun to suggest that, in fact, violent crime needs to be viewed much like an infectious disease. Simultaneously, neurobiologists have developed intricate research models and techniques to examine whether or not there are biological triggers that cause individuals to act violently. What if violence were to be truly considered an epidemic - one with BOTH neurological and sociological explanations? Being a public wellness practitioner and activist, I am inclined to champion the cause of social scientists and the role that society, economy, and politics play in the make-up of a violent individua l. What is the purlieu that allows an epidemic of violence to overtake a community and how does it initiate in the individual? Epidemiologists consider an epidemic to reach its tipping point when it turns into a public wellness crisis. As Malcolm Gladwell notes in his article, The Tipping Point, Every epidemic has its tipping point, and to fight an epidemic you need to understand what that point is. What then, is the tipping point for an individual who is motivated to act violently?

The Leadville 100 Mile Trail Race :: Sports Running Geography Papers

The Leadville 100 Mile Trail RaceLocated in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, Leadville, Colorado is a historical monument. In the mid 1800s, Leadville was a booming mining city known for its lead and zinc. People fled thither looking to build their fortunes, and at one point the population rose to nearly 30,000. Today, Leadville attracts many tourists because of its frontier mentality, beauty, and historical district. Although the population has drastically dropped to 2,800, Leadville is a delightful town that truly represents the spirit of Colorado. One might ask what Leadville is well known for today? A popular event that puts the small town on the map for many people end-to-end the country is the Leadville Trail 100 mile career. This ultra running turn tail which originated in 1982, is well known throughout the running community. The 100 mile race which must be completed in thirty hours or less, covers many trails and passes in Colorado. The main difficulty of the race is the challenge of the altitude. The climb and the decent of the trail totals 15,600 feet, with the lowest point being 9,200 feet and the highest point being 12,620 feet. Together, the altitude, incorporation of water crossings, changes in temperature, and steep inclines and descents, make the Leadville race one of the most difficult 100 mile races in the running world. The $160.00 entry fee that is required to run in The Race Across the monger is money well spent. Not only do individuals get to run in one of the most beautiful states in the country, but they get to arrest the friendly atmosphere of Colorado. The locals from Leadville volunteer to work at the aid stations which line the course, and at that place is truly a spirit for running. It is not only a challenging and competitive race, but a guaranteed good time. Throughout the 30 hour race which begins at 400 A.M. and ends at 1000 A.M. the following day, there are fans and volunteers to make the experience more enjoyable. Ther e is definitely a personal feeling which the Leadville 100 brings to running. The course is basically made up of a one hundred mile loop that can be broken up into ten different stages. Dana Roueche who is from Boulder, Colorado, has run the Leadville Trail 100 three times. In an effort to increase the percentage of finishers, he posted a journal which discusses the strategies he follows in completing the race.

Young People Question their Antidepressants :: Psychology Pharmacy Papers

Young People oral sex their antidepressantsLike many eager youngmen this year, Amy* made Northeastern University her home with a burst of optimism and the excitement of a fresh start in a strange, new place. moreover just over a year ago, while a high school senior, she almost woolly her chance for the college experienceher grades plummeted with her as she knock off deeper into depressive episodes, putting her life and her academic future in jeopardy.The scars she etched in her body tell of her battles with feeling, a chafed mental disease she dealt with in quiet for four years before finally seeking help. After years of self-mutilation and uncontrollable sadness, the 18-year-old music industry major started taking antidepressants, the controversial wonder-drugs she attributes her current cheer to.I can handle my life much easier now, she said. I would not be able to function without them.But while Amy embraces her prescription to Zoloft, Northeastern dispatcher music in dustry major Erin* plans to drop hers. The very medicine that helped Amy work her way to happiness has left 17-year-old Erin befuddled and wary of her treatments. Rather than freeing her from the desperation of depression, the antidepressant drugs left her apathetic and numband when her current prescription runs out, she wont be refilling it.Antidepressant use in children and adolescents has surged in late(a) years, with 11 million prescriptions written in 2002 alone, a number that has tripled since the early 1990s. But the practice of prescribing the drugs to young raft has attracted a cloud of controversy, with lackluster interrogation of the medicines and recent revelations that the drugs can lead to increased suicidalitythe suicidal thoughts and actions that accompany depression.Still, demand is high and the rate of depression in young mountain is substantial. The Center for kind Health Services, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, found in a 19 99 study that 6.5% of people aged 18-24 curb major depression, in time fewer than 25% of those diagnosed will seek professional treatmentthose who do will likely end up on antidepressants.While much astir(predicate) the treatment of depression remains a mystery, information about the illness in children and adolescents is even cloudier. Carol Glod, a local expert on depression and associate professor at the Bouve College of Nursing at Northeastern University, says the only solution is to conduct more research.You have to do something for the person that has depression and, without the research, we dont know what works, she says.Young People Question their Antidepressants Psychology Pharmacy PapersYoung People Question their AntidepressantsLike many eager freshmen this year, Amy* made Northeastern University her home with a burst of optimism and the excitement of a fresh start in a strange, new place. But just over a year ago, while a high school senior, she almost lost her ch ance for the college experienceher grades plummeted with her as she fell deeper into depressive episodes, putting her life and her academic future in jeopardy.The scars she etched in her body tell of her battles with depression, a painful mental disease she dealt with in secrecy for four years before finally seeking help. After years of self-mutilation and uncontrollable sadness, the 18-year-old music industry major started taking antidepressants, the controversial wonder-drugs she attributes her current happiness to.I can handle my life much easier now, she said. I would not be able to function without them.But while Amy embraces her prescription to Zoloft, Northeastern freshman music industry major Erin* plans to drop hers. The very medicine that helped Amy work her way to happiness has left 17-year-old Erin confused and wary of her treatments. Rather than freeing her from the hopelessness of depression, the antidepressant drugs left her apathetic and numband when her current pres cription runs out, she wont be refilling it.Antidepressant use in children and adolescents has surged in recent years, with 11 million prescriptions written in 2002 alone, a number that has tripled since the early 1990s. But the practice of prescribing the drugs to young people has attracted a cloud of controversy, with lackluster testing of the medicines and recent revelations that the drugs can lead to increased suicidalitythe suicidal thoughts and actions that accompany depression.Still, demand is high and the rate of depression in young people is substantial. The Center for Mental Health Services, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, found in a 1999 study that 6.5% of people aged 18-24 have major depression, yet fewer than 25% of those diagnosed will seek professional treatmentthose who do will likely end up on antidepressants.While much about the treatment of depression remains a mystery, information about the illness in children and adolescents is ev en cloudier. Carol Glod, a local expert on depression and associate professor at the Bouve College of Nursing at Northeastern University, says the only solution is to conduct more research.You have to do something for the person that has depression and, without the research, we dont know what works, she says.

Young People Question their Antidepressants :: Psychology Pharmacy Papers

Young People inquiry their AntidepressantsLike many eager freshmen this year, Amy* made northeasterly University her home with a burst of optimism and the inspiration of a fresh start in a strange, new place. But just over a year ago, while a high school day senior, she almost lost her chance for the college experienceher grades plummeted with her as she fell deeper into depressive episodes, putting her life and her academic future in jeopardy.The scars she etched in her body notify of her battles with depression, a painful mental disease she dealt with in secrecy for four years before finally seeking help. After years of self-mutilation and uncontroll suitable sadness, the 18-year-old medicament industry major started taking antidepressants, the controversial wonder-drugs she attributes her sure comfort to.I can handle my life such(prenominal) easier now, she said. I would not be able to function without them.But while Amy embraces her prescription to Zoloft, Northeastern f reshman music industry major Erin* plans to drop hers. The really medicine that helped Amy work her way to happiness has left 17-year-old Erin confused and wary of her treatments. Rather than freeing her from the hopelessness of depression, the antidepressant drugs left her apathetic and numband when her current prescription runs out, she wont be refilling it.Antidepressant use in children and adolescents has surged in recent years, with 11 million prescriptions written in 2002 alone, a number that has tripled since the early 1990s. But the normal of prescribing the drugs to young people has attracted a cloud of controversy, with lackluster testing of the medicines and recent revelations that the drugs can lead to increased suicidalitythe suicidal thoughts and actions that accompany depression.Still, demand is high and the rank of depression in young people is substantial. The Center for Mental wellness Services, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, fo und in a 1999 study that 6.5% of people aged 18-24 have major depression, yet fewer than 25% of those diagnosed will seek nonrecreational treatmentthose who do will belike end up on antidepressants.While much about the treatment of depression remains a mystery, schooling about the illness in children and adolescents is all the same cloudier. Carol Glod, a local expert on depression and associate professor at the Bouve College of Nursing at Northeastern University, says the only solution is to discharge more research.You have to do something for the person that has depression and, without the research, we dont know what works, she says.Young People Question their Antidepressants Psychology Pharmacy PapersYoung People Question their AntidepressantsLike many eager freshmen this year, Amy* made Northeastern University her home with a burst of optimism and the excitement of a fresh start in a strange, new place. But just over a year ago, while a high school senior, she almost los t her chance for the college experienceher grades plummeted with her as she fell deeper into depressive episodes, putting her life and her academic future in jeopardy.The scars she etched in her body tell of her battles with depression, a painful mental disease she dealt with in secrecy for four years before finally seeking help. After years of self-mutilation and uncontrollable sadness, the 18-year-old music industry major started taking antidepressants, the controversial wonder-drugs she attributes her current happiness to.I can handle my life much easier now, she said. I would not be able to function without them.But while Amy embraces her prescription to Zoloft, Northeastern freshman music industry major Erin* plans to drop hers. The very medicine that helped Amy work her way to happiness has left 17-year-old Erin confused and wary of her treatments. Rather than freeing her from the hopelessness of depression, the antidepressant drugs left her apathetic and numband when her curr ent prescription runs out, she wont be refilling it.Antidepressant use in children and adolescents has surged in recent years, with 11 million prescriptions written in 2002 alone, a number that has tripled since the early 1990s. But the practice of prescribing the drugs to young people has attracted a cloud of controversy, with lackluster testing of the medicines and recent revelations that the drugs can lead to increased suicidalitythe suicidal thoughts and actions that accompany depression.Still, demand is high and the rate of depression in young people is substantial. The Center for Mental Health Services, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, found in a 1999 study that 6.5% of people aged 18-24 have major depression, yet fewer than 25% of those diagnosed will seek professional treatmentthose who do will likely end up on antidepressants.While much about the treatment of depression remains a mystery, information about the illness in children and adolescen ts is even cloudier. Carol Glod, a local expert on depression and associate professor at the Bouve College of Nursing at Northeastern University, says the only solution is to conduct more research.You have to do something for the person that has depression and, without the research, we dont know what works, she says.

BP and the Deepwater Horizon disaster Essay

Title The Analysis of BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010Due Date 5/5/13Word Allocation 2193 excluding executive summary, headings, tables, references and appendicesExecutive SummaryThis report provides an examination into British Petroleum (BP) and the Deepwater Horizon disaster of 2010. It looks specific on the wholey at the available ara of organizing from POLC and the framework from how converse and communication networks effected the decision making process on the oilrig.The psychoanalysis starts by providing a history of BP and what major decisions end-to-end cartridge holder contri thoed to the organisational structure when the disaster occurred.Findings show that the asset federation representative adopted in 1995 in any casek away state from BPs regional trading trading operations and subsequently rewarded each individual site for its proceeding. This meant the managerial decision making process for each site was geared to time and cost efficiencies rat her than that of safety.The establishing of a revolve communication network on Deepwater meant that any proposals put for from line staff, with safety as a priority, were being overwritten by the senior team attraction as they were passed on.After the disaster occurred, BP established a prophylactic and Risk division and instil guide staff members on each of its rigs to ensure that the safety message was reenforce on its sites. confuse of Contents1. IntroductionManagers are obligated for arranging and structuring work to assist in achieving brassal goals (Robins et al. 2012, p. 14). It is determining what tasks are to be completed, who is responsible for them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and at which level decisions are to be decided (Robins et al. 2012, p. 14).This report analyzes the area of communication and communication networks, from that of the organizing function in POLC (Robins et al. 2012, p. 13), indoors British Petroleum (BP) and specifical ly the Deepwater Horizon disaster. It looks at the communication on safety procedures from senior BP authoritatives down to BP sites, the type of communication on key decisions that ultimately led to the sinking of the oilrig and what control measures were put in place to ensure the sustainability of the company. 2. History of BP and the Deepwater HorizonIn 2010, BP was one of the United Kingdoms largest corporations and a world attractor in the production of energy (Andrew 2010, p. 7). They supplied consumers with fuel for heat, light, transport, petrochemical production and much more (Andrew 2010, p. 7). However in its early years, success and profitability proved quite touchy to obtain (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2).The company that would eventually turn into BP was established in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) after William Knox Darcy found oil in Iran after an extended search (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). consequently in 1914, the British Government felt they needed a dedi cated oil supply and purchased 51% stake in the delimitation bankrupt corporation (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). They heldonto the 51% share until the Thatcher government period of prioritization occurred between 1980 and 1990 and this led to the final stake being sold in 1987 (Andrew 2010, p. 7). At this point, serveance was still declining and in 1992, after a loss of $811 million, the company decided to take severe cost conservation measures (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3).Focusing on a contour workforce and portfolio of activities, BPs status started to change significantly in the mid-1990s (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). 1998 bought the merger with Amoco and in 2000, the acquisition of Arco (Atlantic Richfield CO.) and Burmah Castrol plc highlighted an aggressive growth strategy (Andrew 2010, p. 9). With the renewed instruction on growth, BP also began repositioning itself as a more environmentally friendly company and this lead to a new tagline Beyond Petroleum and an official name change to BP ( Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). This lead to the launch of an Alternative Energy division and between 2005 and 2009, BP invested $4 billion into this area with a total company investment funds of $982 billion (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3).In May 2007, Tony Hayward was appointed Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and his focus was to stem the company growth and reduce production targets (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). Between 2006 and 2009, BPs workforce fell from 97,000 to 80,300 and four levels of management were cut as Hayward felt too many people were making too many decisions leading to essential cautiousness (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3).However, BP has had a colorful history when it comes to safety within its structures (Andrew 2010, p. 14). In 2005, 15 people were killed and an other 180 injured when the BP Texas City refinery exploded (Andrew 2010, p. 14). Then in 2006-2007, BP had to shut down its operations in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska due to over a million liters of oil spilling into the North Slopes via corrode d pipelines (Andrew 2010, p. 14). Alaskan state regulators had been type BP since 2001 that management protocol was out of sync with state regulations and that critical equipment needed to be better sustained (Andrew 2010, p. 15).On the 20th April 2010, a floating semi-submersible boring Unit named the Deepwater Horizon, exploded and sunk off the disjunction of Mexico killing 11 people and injuring another 17 (Andrew 2010, p. 16-17). BP had leased the Deepwater Horizon rig from Transocean, an oil ground industry support company that specialized in deep water drilling (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). The rig was hired to complete work on the Macondo well, which BP owned the rights too (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). Of the 126 on board, 79 were from Transocean, seven from BP and the rest from other firms (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1).As of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon disaster was the biggest marine oil spill to transpire in United States amniotic fluid with nearly five million barrels of oil leaking int o the Gulf of Mexico (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). Decisions made on the type of well casing, the number of centralizers used and the decision to not perform a cement bond log may have contributed to the well blowing out (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). However, regardless of the ultimate causes, it is worth examining the communication networks within to obtain merely where the caution over cost message broke down. 3. Managers and dialogue Networks TheoryEffective internal and external communication is seen as a requirement for organizational success (Ruck & Welsh 2012, p. 1). Organizations need to constantly assess and enhance communication especially in increasingly difficult economic times (Ruck & Welsh 2012, p. 1). talk can be broken down into two diverse areas formal or informal (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). Formal communication follows a mountain chain of command that typically takes place within the organizational work arrangements (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). Informal communication do es not take place within the organization hierarchy and typically allows employees to satisfy their sociable interaction needs along with creating an alternative channel to communicate (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). However this information can fly the coop in a number of different ways. conference within an organization can move by the following means downward, upward, lateral and diagonal (Robins et al. 2012, p. 406-07).Table 1 explains how each type and its definitionTable 1 Types of information flow(Adapted from Robins et al. 2012, p. 406-07)Reinforcement of information flow encourages employees to speak out and adopt a participative approach (Ahmed 2010, p. 122). Mutual dialogue within an organization contributes to the foundations of shared value and trust (Ahmed 2010, p. 122).Both the vertical and horizontal communication flows within an organization can be combined into a number of different patterns labeled communication networks (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). Researchers ha ve recognized that basic networks of communication can be classified into different types of interaction (Eunson 2012, p. 116) like those shown in table 2 and 3 below habitus 1 Eunson Types of conference Networks(Source Eunson 2012, p. 117)Figure 2 Robins Three Common Organizational Communication Networks(Source Robins et al. 2012, p. 407)When examining the theory listed within this paper compared to the types of communication, flow and communication network structures within BP, we can greater understand exactly what lead to the sinking of the Deepwater vessel. 4. Analysis of Communication Networks between BP and Deepwater BP Senior ManagementIn the late 1980s, BP had several layers of management that fell within a matrix structure that made it problematic for anyone wanting to make a decision cursorily (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). As business and overall performance at BP was floundering, Robert Horton decided to cut $750 million form BPsannual expenses (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Horto n, who was appointed BPs CEO in 1989, removed several managerial layers with the intent of speeding up the decision making process and the pace of business (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The business was transformed into smaller, more on the table teams with the vision of maintaining open streams of communication (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Horton transferred decision-making authority to the upstream and downstream business divisions and employees at all levels were encouraged to take responsibility and exercise business enterprisingness (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4).During the 1990s, John Browne was heading up BPs Exploration and Production division, BPX (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). He wanted to create a spirit of entrepreneurship amongst his employees and extended the decision-making responsibilities to further levels within the organization (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Decision making authority and responsibility was no longer held with BPs regional operating companies and was now completed by the site ma nagers (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The amaze was known as Asset Federation and was applied company wide when Browne took over as BP CEO in 1995(Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The asset federation model compensated employees for the performance of their individual site so there was little incentive to share best practices on risk management amongst various other BP exploration sites (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Deepwater CommunicationThe benefits of an all channel network or matrix structure are that the leaderless group has constant information flow between all members within the work team (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). The potential for brainstorming and exchange of information is great within this type of model (Eunson 2012, p. 118). However information overload and inharmonious differences due to no emergence of a leader can be a downside (Eunson 2012, p. 118)Figure 3 Deepwater Chain of Command(Source Ingersoll 2012, p. 20)However, when flavour at the chain of command on the Deepwater Horizon ( see table 4), it could be seen to form a wheel network rather than that of amatrix structure (see table 3). Typically, wheel communication flows form an identifiable leader at the top of the wheel (Eunson 2012, p. 117). The leader serves as the hub and the flow of information is typically one way but can be two way, dependent on the leaders willingness to accept information (Eunson 2012, p. 117). This can cause the satisfaction of team members to be low compared to that of chain, dance orchestra and channel networks (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). Wheel networks have the disadvantage of being prone to message distortion (Eunson 2012, p. 118). As the message gets passed from one individual to another, or from one level to the next, the message is edited or mangled by the sender in each interaction (Eunson 2012, p. 118).The distortion in the wheel network is visible when looking at the decision making process for the type of well casing and number of centralizers. Decisions in these tw o areas were relayed by the engineering team leader, Greg Walz (Ingersoll 2012, pp. 10-11). Greg received insert from the engineers in the operations unit on what they thought were best safety practices, however final decisions on the projects were ultimately made due to the cost and time savings (Ingersoll 2012, pp. 10-11). The decision makers on the Deepwater had only been in their positions for a minimal amount of time (Ingersoll 2012, p. 9) and this meant that the lessons learned at Texas City and Prudhoe Bay had not reached the Gulf of Mexico site (Reed & Fitzgerald 2010, p. 156). It could be seen that the safety communication message had flowed downward from senior managers to line manager and staff however line managers felt a greater influence to reward cost and time savings. Control MeasuresOn July 27, 2010, BP announced that Bob Dudley would succeed Tony Haward as BPs Group Chief Executive on October 1, 2010 (EHS right away 2010, p. 17). In light of the Deepwater disaste r and to ensure sustainability of the company, BP leadership announced plans to create a new safety division to oversee and audit the organizations operations worldwide on September 29, 2010 (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). The Safety and Risk function has the authority to intervene in all technical aspects of BP activities to ensure that operations are carried out to that of stated common standards (EHS Today2010, p. 17). Staff will be imbedded in all of BPs operating units and will report directly to wampum Bly, head of safety and operations (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). Mark reports directly to the CEO, Bob Dudley to ensure the safety message from senior BP officials filters down into each site (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). 5. ConclusionCommunication is continually attributed to a vital variable in determining organizational success (Hargie & Tourish 2009, p. 419). Many business issues stem from poor communication procedures and early action and intervention in this area can avert a disaster at a later date (Hargie & Tourish 2009, p. 3).By conducting analysis into the communication and communication networks at BP, we can ascertain that a number of different factors may have contributed to the BP disaster. The asset federation model took away responsibility from BPs regional operations and subsequently the companys safety message. The rewarding of each site and its managers for its individual performance further contributed to the dilution of importance on safety. A wheel network with key decision makers who had not been in their roles for very long, meant that lessons learned from past incidents werent filtered into the Deepwater Horizon and decisions were made with the view of saving money and time compared to safety.The establishment of the Safety and Risk division immediately after the disaster ensured that the safety message from senior management would be perceive within each site and limit the opportunity for a disaster of this magnitude to occur in the future. 6. R eference ListAhmed, Z 2010, Managerial Communication The Link Between Frontline Leadership And Organizational Performance, Journal Of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 14, 1, Health Business Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 5 May 2013, p. 122EHS Today 2010, BP Creates New Safety and Risk Division, 3, 11, Health Business Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2013, p. 17Eunson, B 2012, Communication in the Workplace, e-book, accessed 05 May 2013, p. 116-118 .Hargie, O & Tourish, D 2009, Auditing Organizational Communication A Handbook of Research, Theory and Practice, e-book, accessed 05 May 2013, pp. 3, 419. .Ingersoll, C, Locke, RM & Reavis, C 2012, BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010, MIT Sloan Management, pp. 1-4, 9-11, 20Reed, S & Fitzgerald, A 2010, In Too Deep BP and the Drilling bucket along That Took it Down, e-book, accessed 26 April 2013, p. 156 .Robins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2012, Management, 6th edn, Pearson Australia, Australia, pp. 13-14, 405-07Ruck, K & Welch, M 2012, Public Relations Review Valuing internal communication management and employee perspectives, Volume 38, Issue 2, June 2012, p. 1 7. List of FiguresFigure 1 Eunson Types of Communication NetworksFigure 2 Robins Three Common Organizational Communication NetworksFigure 3 Deepwater Chain of Command8. List of TablesTable 1 Types of information flow

Othello and the Moor of Venice Essay

The come across, the Tragedy of Othello and the Moor of Venice, written by William Shakespeare has humanityy under delusion and reoccurring themes throughout. One major theme is that of betrayal and truth. During the entire play every office is either patriotic to, or betrays a nonher character. The theme of betrayal and loyalty is seen through every character and every act in the play especially in Iago, Desdemona, and Othello. Every character that is portrayed as beingness loyal is disloyal, and every character that is portrayed as being disloyal is loyal.No one ever knows who and who not to trust, and this adds a lot of drama and build up to the story line. This play shows you that you can never trust anyone, and that you should keep your fri shuttings close but your enemies even encompassing(prenominal). In such a web of go to bed, nuisance and betrayal, it is sincerely hard to say who are the protagonist and the antagonist. But, through these gray areas, one could see that some judgment of convictions such strong emotions could change one to another. Yet with A. C. Bradley, the play was described as by far the most romantic figure among Shakespeares heroes(Shakespearean Tragedy, 1).This is an irony at play. The description is quite unexpected since it is about a man who murders his own wife. Nonetheless, it could be observed that this crime resulted from Othellos feelings of hate for Desdemona which had when their relationship began, started as an overwhelming love for her. The trans kindation from love to hate that transpired at bottom Othello also inflicted the characters Iago and Roderigo and hatred induced them to murder of innocent people as well. Roderigos love for Desdemona was transformed into hate towards any man that he mind was loved by her.Iagos love for his job and his wife, Emilia changed into a destructive hatred of Cassio and Othello. As a result of their hatred Cassio, Emilia, and at the end they were killed. The connection be tween love and hate in William Shakespeares Othello is the ugly feeling of jealousy that caused such transformations. Jealousy can be described as a fear of losing something or someone that is valuable (Godfrey 2). As minor as this feeling appears to be by that definition, it can take on variable degrees of damaging behavior. Othello, Roderigo, and Iago had become paralyzed by jealousy.Their thoughts, actions, and behaviors were ruled by it. Jealousy caused their inability to act rationally. They became paranoid and unable to love. Roderigo begins with a small jealousy of Othello for being marry to Desdemona. It isnt until Iago makes Roderigo believe Desdemona does not really love Othello that Roderigo becomes destructive. Roderigo pays Iago for this false hope that he will be with Desdemona (1162). When he believes he is getting closer to being with her, however, Iago tells him that it exponent not happen because Desdemona is in love with Cassio (1169-70).Roderigo is greatly ang ered by this and resolves to do what it takes to stop Cassio from getting Desdemona even if it means fetching his life. His attempt to kill Cassio, however, is unsuccessful, and instead he is the one injured (1175). Roderigo is no longer consumed with thoughts of being with Desdemona. Instead he is consumed with feelings of hatred toward those who might have her love and attention. Othello had a deep love for Desdemona in the beginning of the play. He was however also very insecure of Desdemonas love for him (Mabillard 1).He doesnt extrapolate why she would go against her father and her society by marrying a man that is black (1). The only reason that he can come up with is that she married him for his courageous journeys (1). In Act I burst iii he explains to the Duke, She lovd me for the dangers I had passd (Shakespeare 1157). In Act leash scene ii he tries to put his doubts to rest by express himself that Desdemonas compassionate and virtuous nature makes it possible for her to love him (Mabillard 1).However, when Iago starts to plant ideas of her infidelity into Othellos head the doubts resurface and his insecurity becomes stronger than ever before (2). His insecurity about his worth to Desdemona combined with the reaffirmation from Iago of her affair creates his heated jealousy. After Iago provides the last pick of proof that Othello needs (the cash in ones chipskerchief in Act IV Scene i) Othello only has hatred for Desdemona. But it must(prenominal) be understood that, Desdemona, is a character of both betrayal and loyalty. Yet in a very different way, for when she is disloyal to a character it is out of loyalty and love for another character.She must lie to her father to be with her true love Othello Desdemona tells her father that she is loyal to him, but has to choose Othello over him (Othello, 1, 3, 208-220).. In relation to the history of the Moors in Europe, the Moors were looked belt down upon as with Desdemonas father looked down on Oth ello. Moors were seen as being barbaric and ruthless warriors, only bred for being ruthless warriors and cryptograph else. That is why it is so profound that Desdemona is so undeniably in love with Othello and will do whatever it takes to be with him, even turn her back on her own family.Desdemona is always loyal to Othello throughout the play and Iago does his best to disprove this by getting into Othellos mind. Othello believes Iago and says Desdemona is disloyal and cheats on him and does not trust her when she says, For twas this hand that gave away my heart. (Othello, 3, 4, 52) Desdemona does her best to prove to Othello that it is only he that she loves and no one else. Othello has been deeply brainwashed by Iago and is scared into believing that Desdemona may be bearded darnel on him with Cassio.This causes Othello to seek revenge on Cassio, and ruins his relationship with Desdemona. Iago really is the mastermind of all betrayals and jealousy, and Othello falls for it badl y. As Albert Gerard explained in his article egregiously and Ass, The Dark typeface of the Moor A View of Othellos Mind, if Desdemona failed him than everything failed him (5). He was dependent on her for representing truth in the world (5). She represented an ideal image of purity to him (5). In Act III scene iii he exclaims, If she be false, O Then heaven mocks itself (Shakespeare 1191).Since the vision of her is so highly valued, the possibility that she is a lie devastates Othello (5). D. R. Godfrey notes that Othellos jealousy is strong enough to make him crazy (Shakespeare and the Green-Eyed Monster 2). He loses the ability to think rationally which is why he doesnt seek the truth from those manticly involved and the circumstantial evidence is enough, in his eyes, to justly murder Desdemona (2). Godfrey further supports Othellos inability of rational thought by his idea that Desdemona and Iago have slept together a thousand times(3).If Othello were thinking rationally, he wo uld have known that there couldnt have been enough time for them to have that deep of an affair (3). His hatred of Cassio is apparent as he tells Iago Within these three days let me hear thee say that Cassios not alive (Shakespeare 1196). Before he comes to believe that Cassio is having an affair with his wife, Othello valued him enough to ap target him as lieutenant. Othello transforms from a man who loves deeply and lives with honor into a man full of hatred and vengeance. Like Roderigo, such a transformation occurs because of jealousy brought on by the words of Iago.Iago makes the cause of his loathing for Othello and Cassio apparent in the outgrowth scene of Act I Cassios appointment as lieutenant being one (1145) and the second being his suspicion that Othello has slept with his wife, Emilia (1163). D. R. Godfrey describes these experiences to Iago as devastating, to the point of working a profound and sudden change in Iago, a virtual metamorphosis (Shakespeare and the Green- Eyed Monster 6). Othellos trust of Iago shows that he had at one time been a loyal, honest man (Watkinson 2). He even refers to him as honest Iago on multiple occasions (2).Watkinson explains that Othellos dependency on Iago becomes even stronger when Iago brings the supposed affair to his attention ( The Ironic Interdependence of Othello and Iago 3). He also manipulates Roderigo into thinking that he is only looking out for his best interests. Iagos jealousy breeds a stronger hatred than Othellos and Roderigo so strong that he doesnt care who gets hurt in his revenge (Godfrey 6). He wants everyone to suffer like he has (6). Iago disregards Roderigos well being when he tells him that he should get rid of Cassio so that he can be with Desdemona.He also disregards the life of Desdemona by telling Othello that she is sleeping with Cassio. He directs his hatred towards anyone that seems to live honestly (Godfrey 6). The more his plan seemed to work, the more his hatred was acted out. I n the last scene of the play, Iago kills Roderigo for the fear that he might reveal his plan (Shakespeare 1222). He then calls Emilia a villainous whore and stabs her after she tells Othello that she had picked up that handkerchief and given it to Iago at his request (1231). Iago represents the strongest form of hate in Othello.While Roderigo and Othello took out their hatred on only those that they thought had caused it, Iago took it out on those innocent as well. In Act III Scene iv, Emilia tells Desdemona that They are not ever jealous for the cause, but jealous for they are jealous tis a monster begot upon itself, born on itself (1201). Othello, Roderigo, and Iago were distributively responsible for letting their jealousy get out of control. Although Iago was partly to blame, Othello is responsible for not relying on contrary evidence to prevent him from murdering Desdemona. Roderigo is responsible for letting his hatred lead him to attempting to murder Cassio.Jealousy turned r omantic love into anger and hatred for Othello and Roderigo. Iagos jealousy, however, manifested from a love of power, making it all too dangerous. He sought out power by manipulating others to get the revenge he wanted on Othello and Cassio. All three, however, are examples of the destructiveness that can come from love strike by jealousy. Paradoxically it is Iago who tells Othello O Beware my lord, of jealousy It is the green-eyd monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on(Shakespeare 1188). Ultimately, this becomes the downfall of everybody.

Meme Analysis: Rage Comics Essay

Many people whitethorn always say a picture is worth a thousand course well the information held inside the rage comics represents much more and exemplifies the perfect example of this saying. The behave comic meme is about a series of comics that can be made by anyone victimisation the common rages faces, which be also memes. These comics are web-based and usually describe real life scenarios from the rage comic creator. The first amateur Rage amusive originated in 2007 on an image board site named 4chan consisting of four panes. The first comic starred the ffffuuuu guy, which is the first ever becomed rage face. The Rage Comics started to spread a few years after the first rage comic was created.The rage comics gained its popularity on the internet forum Reddit. In January of 2009, a subreddit was launched by Reddit which became more popular than expected. This subredditt was wide known as f7u12 and was called FFFFUUUUU, the rage guy. This rage guy represented serious disappo intment, exasperation, or displeasure in any situation within a comic. The subreddit f7u12 allowed implementrs of Reddit to create their own comics, which led to the creation of many other rage faces and sheaths in the rage comics. As the Rage Comics transformed, many characters became popular, while others didnt. A few of the most(prenominal) popular rage faces is the Okay guy, the cereal guy, the forever alone guy, and the Y U NO guy.When these faces are seen in a comic, most Rage Comic readers already know what the face stands for. For example, the forever alone guy represents disappointment and loneliness in life and may be practiced in a comic where a person goes done a break up. The ethnic reference in these Rage Comics is used to make fun of society resulting in humor. In normal life one person may do several(prenominal)thing and expect a certain response, well in the rage comics it is similar. The responses are displayed through the rage faces and rage characters. Usu ally at the end of a comic there is a punch line (rage face) that represents an emotion because of the situation that just occurred. unity known cultural reference that the rage comics represent is the me gusta guy. This shows a cultural difference because you do not need to know Spanish to know what me gusta mean. This character is usually used in a situation responding to an awkward or disgusting event.This meme in my opinion has made its own statement because it has certain words that are used in the comics that mean certain things. For example, in almost every comic there is going to be some form of derp or herp. In actuality derp is used to represent stupidity, but in the rage comics it is used as takeion to represent unimportant dialogue, just as bombast blah is used. Using derp or herp in the rage comics is also a form humor showing social indifference by not caring. The rage comics use a different language tied in with the cultural norms that we all understand to create h umor. The original context of the meme, Rage Comics was to humor others with your ridiculous stories that may or may not have happened to you. In some cases the rage comics mutations fit well into new context, and then on the other hand some are taking way out of proportion. For example, there are quite a few rage faces and when making rage comics you are expected to use the correct rage face or character that will fit your scenario.Also people have taken it out of hand because when you think of a comic you think of something simple with few words. Some people dont grasp the concept of the rage comics so when the comics are sometimes mutated its been for the worse and not for the better. The comics that are mutated for the better represent great new context because the more rage faces the better you can describe your scenario in a comic with few words. To conclude, Rage comics are used to take serious moments and put them into a comic to make it not so serious and funny.Rage Comics have came a long way, too long of a way that it is losing its social meaning. When the Rage Comics first started to spread and become popular is when it had its greatest cultural impact, although it still has an impact today. The Rage Comic has a great affect on all cultures because the different rage makers give people something to get into to express feeling in a different way. In the end from its origin, even though the punch lines at the end are called rage faces, they all are not meant to represent rage. It just kept its name from the first ffffuuuu guy.You can pretty much find rage comics anywhere on the internet if you calculate Google, but here are a few sites that have them.http//knowyourmeme.com/memes/rage-comicshttp//memebase.cheezburger.com/ragecomics/page/3http//ragecollection.com/

Sonnet Writing

In Judith Rodriguez piece In-flight note, the author illustrates a praise within a sonnet that tells the story of a boy writing a be intimate letter on a plane. As she watches over his shoulder, the author acts in an invasive notwithstanding inquisitive manner as she intrudes on the love that the boy is trying to express. He seems reluctant to write and torn between his decision to leave and his love for his teen beau.As she watches him write, Its naive to think we could be just good friends, she appears to be bitter, frustrated and jaded about love in general. As if a friendship has been loved and lost or a past lover has walked from her in the same way the boy has left. With the use of her language and ideas that she is expressing, it is as though ridiculing the boy for falling in love. As she ends the piece with, Pages and pages. And so the whole world ends, she demonstrates a vivid and dramatic line that reflects a young and teenage love.It shows that the author believes that this love is not over and it will continue to play out in life or in thoughts of both the teenagers, for years to come. The salient(ip) thing about this sonnet is that although it has a sour feel about it, it is like the author is well aware of heartbreak herself and in criticizing the boy she is in fact criticizing herself from afar. Although the sonnet does not openly reflect a love poem, it still paints a picture of the harsh, cruel heartbreak and pain that it can cause.

Content: Advantages and Disadvantages of IQ and EQ Essay

1. IQ gets you through school.2. Having a high IQ is much better in cognitive skills.3. The IQ may answer with jobs that overtop little human interaction and mainly just a knowledge of a subject.4. IQ is more rational thinking.5. Quickness of mind6. When you ingest a high IQ, your sensation will increase its power and efficiency. Brain plasticity the ability of brain to reorganize itself by growing new brain cells or connections. Energy supply to the brain particularly when its working hard.Disadvantages of Having a eminent IQ1. Be overly sensitive to criticism or disapproval, or respond strongly to minor suggestions or comments about their work or performances.2. Having a possibility to grow with maladjusted in some counseling for example having significant problems of anxiety, depression, personality disorder or experience of nervous breakdowns.3. People with high IQ is more Likely to Be Self-Destructive.Advantages of Having a High EQ1. ability to assess a situation and sta y in control of your emotions and actions.2. A high EQ can help in jobs that require good social skills.3. When you have a high EQ, you can control your emotion.4. You can be more optimistic. develops high self esteem which in round of golf gives the person the confidence to see the brighter side even in difficult situations.5. Be aware of and manage your own emotions to achieve compulsive outcomes6. Take office for your own emotions7. Have an awareness of others emotions8. Be more effective and efficient as an individual and team member9. Be able to coach others towards positive emotions and positive Outcomes.Disadvantages of Having a High EQ.1. Its difficult to test for emotional intelligence.2. People might not take the importance of emotional intelligence seriously.3. It takes sentence to develop the skills necessary to fully harness emotional intelligence. Unfortunately, this cannot be learned overnight.Advantages and Disadvantages of Having a High IQ1. IQ gets you through school.2. Having a high IQ is much betterIn cognitive skills.

Book Analysis: Heidi Essay

The book in reference is Heidi by Johanna Spyri. The story tells of a short(p) girl named Heidi who was brought to her grandfather in the mountains. Heidis guardian Dete has pertinacious to leave Heidi to her grandfather after some(prenominal) of her parents died. Many of the villagers are aware of the bad tempered Alp-Uncle who lives in the mountains. At first, Alp-Uncle was not really into taking veneration of Heidi but eventually, he has learned to love her. Heidis charisma taught Alp-Uncle loving and caring feelings towards life. Everyday, Heidi would tour the mountains with his friend Peter who is a shepherd.One day, Dete cam back to down Heidi to Frankfurt and accompany a rich but wheelchair-ridden young girl Klara where Heidi could live in luxury. It was a bad experience for Heidi for she missed Alp-Uncle and the mountains a lot. When the the great unwashed in the mansion noticed Heidis homesickness, she was returned to her grandfather. After a couple of days, Klara has d ecided to visit Heidi. It was a wonderful experience for Klara which became her healing experience and do her walk. In the end, Klara and her family thanked Heidi and Alp-Uncle for their kindness.There are four main characters in the story Heidi who is the main character is a simple but very charming little girl. She loves the mountains and nature. She is also caring and loving. Alp-Uncle is Heidis grandfather. At the beginning of the story, he was described as a grumpy old man but eventually, Heidi was able to transmit his outlook in life and was seen with great kindness. Klara is Heidis friend in Frankfurt. She is an ill little girl but was inspired to be positive in life with Heidis help. Lastly, Peter is Heidis friend in the mountains.He is a shepherd. When Klara visited Heidi in the mountains, he was jealous to have Klara as a emulation for Heidis attention. Eventually, they made three good friends. The book immediately injects a notion that most of the time females have wea ker dispositions in the society. They are represented to be weaker but with superior feelings of emotional understanding. On the other hand, the male characters are presented as leaders and seen as having any uncaring emotions towards others. The book reinforces the social expectations for both sexs.One example is the manifestation of Peters character who is tasked to do laborious work like herding the goats and sheep. Also, Alp-Uncle was perceived to have more knowledge in carpentry which is basically perceived as a work designed for men. On the other hand, females characters are presented in a passive aspect by making them helpless like Peters grandmother who is weak and blind and Klara who is also sick. Personally, my favorite childrens book was Peter Pan. Basically, the notion of gender dispositions can also be seen in the story as with Heidi. Peter Pan, as a boy, is projected to have powers and has a quality of leadership.Although he normally gets into troubles, he is able to solve them in the end. Wendy also has the same characteristics as Heidis who is caring and loving but dignified. Probably, Peter Pan is marketed towards children who are concerned in fantasy. The magical scenarios presented in the story are evident of stirring the imagination of children who are still not yet exploited with notions of gender dilemmas. This gave me a lesson that it is sometimes a matter of initial projection of ideas to younger children that will eventually shape our societies. Works Cited Spyri, Johanna. 1993. Van Gools Heidi. London Magna Books

Record Management

Running head Records Management Name Instructor Date of submission Executive Summary An effective scans prudence program is an integral break out of an administrations effective short letter operations. Organizations must consider ushers watchfulness requirements when implementing the governing body management strategies or whenever they design and augment an electronic learning organization. Organizations be required by law to make and bear on understands containing commensurate and proper documentation of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, and essential transactions of the organization. This legal requirement applies to electronic inserts kept by the organizations as well. Organizations that do not consistently adhere to standard reputations management practices run the risk of not having records that can be depended upon in the course of incidental business transactions or activities. This typography foc physical exercises on the various methodologies that organizations can implement in order to develop ECM/ERM strategies that atomic number 18 backed with electronic pinch systems.It also gives an insight into the various ways through which organizations can implement good IT practices to complement or parallel existing records management practices. In systems implemented in line with ECM/ERM guidelines, developing the most efficient systems will form the core of organizational success. This will be achieved by qualification electronically signed records the core of organizational IT systems. The organizational IT professionals will come to terms with the fact that signatures are an integral part of the records they keep.If the records need to be restraind, whether for a short duration of meter or permanently, then the organization is required to promote equity of its records by electronically signing them in scheduled series. Additionally, this paper discusses the general principles that govern application o f electronic signature technology in organizations. Organizations can accomplish electronic signatures through the use of different technologies such as Personal Identification Number (PIN), smart cards and biometrics.However, some organizations can decide to apply additional technology specific-record management systems. Introduction Records Life steering wheel vs. System Development Life Cycle According to Adam (2008), the terms records behavior cycle and system organic evolution life cycle are fundamental concepts that are often conf utilize in information technology and records management discussions. Records life cycle The records life cycle refers to the life span of a record from the condemnation it is created or received to its eventual disposition.The process is usually carried out in three main stages creation, maintenance and use, and eventual disposition (Sampson, 2002). Majorly, this paper focuses on information creation stage since the electronic signature record is created at the initial stage of the records life cycle. The second stage, maintenance and use, is the part in the records life cycle in which the record is maintained at the organizational level while in active use, or is maintained when not in keep going use. The final stage of the records life cycle is disposition, which marks the ultimate fate finish to the record.Most organizational records are categorized as having either a temporary or permanent disposition status (Addey, 2002). Temporary records are held by organizations for stated periods before they are destroyed or deleted. On the otherwise hand, permanent records are initially held by organizations before they are eventually transferred to state and other involved agencies. The eventual disposition of the electronically-signed records is subject to debate among the involved agency and the statutory bodies, in which some organizations may be authorized to dispose some of the records.System development life cycle The system development life cycle gives a description of the developmental phases that an electronic information system entails. These phases typically include initiation, definition, design, development, deployment, operation, maintenance, enhancement, and retirement. The most important steps in all this are the definition, development, and refinement of the data model, which broadly involves treatment of the records being created or managed (Stephens, 2007).Information systems are developed according to system development methodologies, including those that organizations use to implement the electronic signature as required by the statutory bodies which govern production and augmentation of existing records. The records life cycle usually exceeds the system development life cycle. When it does the organization involved needs to retain the particular record for a period of meter retentiveer than the life of the electronic information system that generated the electronic signature. However, this presents special challenges, such as maintaining the integrity of record in case of system migration.Background Characteristics of accredited Organizational Records Reliability, authenticity, integrity, and usability are the features used to chance on trustworthy records from a records management perspective. An organization needs to consider these features when laying implementation plans for ERM programs such that it can meet its internal business and legal needs, as well as external regulations (Boiko, 2002). The degree of effort that an organization puts into ensuring that these characteristics are attained depends on the organizational business strategies and the structure of the market environment.Transactions that are of great importance to the organization require greater assurance level than those usable with transactions of less criticality to the organization Reliability A received record is one that carries contents that can be trusted as a whole and act ual representation of the transactions, activities, or facts to which it refers and can be relied upon in the subsequent transactions Authenticity An authentic record is one that is proven to be what it purports to be and to turn over been created or sent by the person who purports to possess created and sent it.A record should be created at the point in time of the transaction or incident to which it relates, or soon afterwardwards, by individuals who have direct knowledge of the facts or by instruments routinely used within the business to conduct the transaction (Wiggins, 2007). To demonstrate the authenticity of records, organizations should implement and document policies and procedures which subordination the creation, transmission, receipt, and maintenance of records to ensure that records designers are authorized and identified and that records are protected against unauthorized addition, deletion, and alteration.Integrity The integrity of a record refers to the state of being eff and unchanged. It is essential that a record be protected against changes without signed permission. Records management policies and procedures should specify what, if any, additions or annotations may be made to a record after it is created, under what circumstances additions or annotations may be authorized, and the people authorized to make the changes. Any authorized annotation or addition to a record made after it is complete should be explicitly indicated as annotations or additions.Another aspect of integrity is the structural integrity of organizational records. The structure of a record refers to its physical and logical format as well as the relationship between the data elements contained in the record. Failure to maintain the structural integrity of organizational records can easily impair reliability and authenticity of the record Usability These are records that can be located, retrieved, presented, and interpreted. In any subsequent retrieval and use, the record needs to be directly connected to the business activity or transaction which produced it.It should be possible to identify a record within the stage setting of broader business activities and functions. The connection between records which document a sequence of activities should be maintained. These contextual linkages of records should carry the information needed for an understanding of the transaction that created and used them. Preserving Trustworthy Records For a record to remain reliable, authentic, with its integrity maintained, and useable for as long as the record is needed, it is necessary that its content, context and sometimes structure is maintained.A trustworthy record preserves the actual content of the record itself and information about the record that draws relation to the context in which it was first designed and used. particular(prenominal) contextual information will vary depending upon the business, legal, and regulatory requirements of the business activity (e. g. , issuing land use permits on Federal lands). It is also necessary to preserve the structure of the record, as well as the content arrangement. Failure to preserve the content structure of the record will affect its structural integrity.That, in turn, undermines the records reliability and authenticity which is of great essence. There are special considerations when dealing with the preservation of the content, context, and structure of records that are made possible by electronic Record Management through electronic signatures Content The electronic signature or signatures in a record are part of the content. They give a clear indication on who signed a record and whether that person gave blessing for the record content. In organizations, multiple signatures are an indication of initial approval and subsequent approvals.It should be understood that in ERM, signatures should accompanied by dates and other identifiers such as organizational titles. All of these peri pherals are part of the content of the record and needs to be kept well. Lack of this information seriously impairs the reliability and authenticity of a record Context Some electronic signature technologies are centered on individual identifiers which are not embedded in the record content, trust paths, and other convey used to create and verify the inclemency of an electronic signature.This information is not inclusive of the record content but is nevertheless significant. It provides contextual support to the record since it provides evidence that can be used to support the authenticity and reliability of the record. Lack of these contextual records seriously impairs subsequent attempts to verify grimness of the organizational records. Structure Preserving the structure of a record means that the physical and logical formats of a record are well drawn.In doing this, organizations must ensure that the physical and logical formats of the record elements remain intact physicall y and logically. An organization may find it necessary to maintain the record structural form through the use of an electronic signature. In that case, the organization is required to preserve both the hardware and software that created the electronic signature, which can either be encryption algorithms or chips. This ensures that the electronic record can be revalidated at a later time when required Advantages and disadvantages of using ECM/ERM systems in organizationsThe main advantage of organizations using ECM/ERM approaches in organizations is the fact that it offers the platform to verify the validity of records. There are various approaches that organizations can use to achieve trustworthiness of electronically-signed records within their systems over time. This requires that organizations choose an approach that is applicable, fit for their particular line of business as well as risk assessment The first approach may involve an organization deciding to maintain adequate docu mentation of its records validity.This involves maintaining of adequate documentation of the records such as, trust verification of records gathered at or near the time of record signing. This record keeping approach enables organizations to retain contextual information through an adequate document processes carried out at the time the record was electronically-signed, along with the electronically-signed record itself. The additional contextual information is then bear for as long as the electronically-signed record is retained.Thus the agency preserves the signatures validity and meets the adequacy of documentation requirements by retaining the contextual information that documented the validity of the electronic signature at the time the record was signed. Maintaining adequate documentation of validity gathered at or near the time of record signing may be preferable for records that have permanent or long-term retentions since it is less dependent on technology and much more t han easily maintained as technology evolves over time (Rockley, 2003).However, using this approach, the signature name may not remain readable over time because of bit-wise deterioration in the record or as a result of technological obsolescence. Agencies must ensure that for permanent records the printed name of the signer and the date when the signature was executed be included as part of any human readable form (such as electronic display or printout) of the electronic record. Similarly, an organization may opt to maintain the capacity to re-validate digital signatures.The re-validation approach demands that an organization retains the ability to revalidate the digital signature, together with the electronically-signed record itself. The information necessary for revalidation (i. e. , the public describe used to validate the signature, the certificate related to that key, and the certificate revocation list from the certificate authority that corresponds to the time of signing) must be retained for as long as the digitally-signed record is retained. Both contextual and structural information of the record must be retained.This is of benefit to the organization since it can review it records over time effectively (Jenkins, 2005). However, this approach of record keeping is potentially burdensome, particularly for records that are digitally signed records with long retention requirements. Conclusions Record keeping is consistently turn a priority for many organizations with advancement in technology. The challenging part is keeping up with the drastic options that are being launched within short periods.As discussed in this paper, the most efficient method of managing organizational records is through the adoption of Electronic Content Management or Electronic Record Management systems (Halvorson, 2009). This is mostly achieved by electronically signing records depending on their importance and usage in the organization. In doing this, organizations are abl e protect the reliability, authenticity, integrity, and usability, as well as the confidentiality, and genuineness of their records.When implementing electronic signature technology, organizations are expected to accord special consideration to the use of electronic signatures in electronic records that preserve organizational legal rights. This is establish on the fact that long-term temporary and permanent electronically signed records have greater longevity than typical software obsolescence cycles, it is certain that organizations will be required to migrate those records to updated versions of software to maintain access to the records (Hackos, 2002).The software migration (as opposed to media migration) process may invalidate the digital signature embedded in the record. This may adversely affect an agencys ability to recognize or enforce the legal rights documented in those records. References Adam, A. (2008). Implementing electronic document and record management systems. B oca Raton Auerbach Publications. Addey, D. (2002). Content management systems. Birmingham Glasshaus, cop. Boiko, B. (2005) Content Management Bible. Hoboken John Wiley & Sons. Hackos, T. (2002). Content management for dynamic web delivery. juvenile York John Wiley & Sons. Halvorson, K. (2009).Content strategy for the web. capital of Indiana New Riders. Jenkins, T. (2005). Enterprise content management what you need to know turning content into competitive advantage. Waterloo Open Text Corp. Rockley, A. (2003). Managing enterprise content a unified content strategy. Indianapolis New Riders. Sampson, K. (2002). Value-added records management protecting corporate assets, reducing business risks. West port Quorum Books. Stephens, D. (2007). Records management making the transition from paper to electronic. Alexa ARMA. Wiggins, B. (2000). Effective document management unlocking corporate knowledge. Aldershot Gower.

Safety, Security, Health and Environmental legislation

The SSHE- legal philosophy is a Safety, Security, Health and Environmental commandment that seeks to safeguard the health of employees and whatever other person at bottom the set forth of the organization. With the changing times and a growing number of hazards within the workplace, SSHE law is vital in regulating the pencil eraser standards within the organization. The set codes of practice countenance counseling on hazard identification, risk assessment processes and risk control. In New South Wales, the NSW OHS enactment 2001 regulates the safety measures in an organization to condition a danger-free working environment (Sengar, 2007).This is a very vital law in the current business situation non only in the New South Wales exactly also in the rest of the United States. The different chapters of this mandate stipulate the standards that should be met by the centering. comme il faut implementation strategies are also vital in to ensure all parties benefit from the pie ce of legislation (Kidd, 2008). The chapters clearly state what the management should be aware of regarding the safety of the employees. Following, is a summary of the contents of the assorted chapters Chapter 1- a brief introduction and definitions of the law. Chapter 2- risk management at places of work. Chapter 3- workplace consultation. Chapter 4- emphasizes on work premises and working environment. Chapter 5- is about plant i. e. machinery like computers, equipment, tools. Chapter 6- is about dangerous depicted objects. Chapter 7- is on angry processes. Chapter 8- is about gimmick work. Chapter 9- a certification of workers. Chapter 10- is about licensing of certain businesses. Chapter 11- addresses permits for certain work. Chapter 12- is a notification of accidents and other miscellaneous provisions.Chapter 6 Hazardous substances. In this essay, Chapter 6, a piece of SSHE-legislation, will be analyzed to establish its risk management principles. The chapter ob ligates an employer (including the self-employed) to protect their employees from harmful effects of hazardous substances that they could be manufacturing, using or supplying. Hazardous substances contain ingredients that are, gibe to the document entitled Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances NOHSC 1008 (1999) published by the NOHS Commission, either carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, corrosive, toxic, skin or respiratory sensitizers.In-House Safety Rules & Regulations, unfamiliar chemical is considered as a hazardous substance. It is however paramount to note that this Chapter does not apply to substances such as food, therapeutic agents, tobacco, toiletries and cosmetics, if their use is not related to work activities (Tooma, 2004). Dangerous goods In this Chapter, dangerous goods could mean either goods too dangerous to be transported or C1 combustible liquids (have a flashpoint of between 60. 5 degrees Celsius and 150 degrees Celsius). This is regardless of whether or not they are packaged for transport or under pressure (Bohle & Quinlan, 2000).Risk management principles in the manufacture of hazardous substances A manufacturer moldiness first establish whether or not a substance is hazardous before allowing its use at the work premises. This is determination is done based on the NOHS Commission classification. If found to be hazardous, the manufacturer must prepare a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the substance before the substance is supplied to other person for use at work (Harrington, 2001). There are various requirements for the MSDS but most importantly the MSDS must set out At least the chemical name of the ingredient in the hazardous substance. Its chemical and physical properties. Relevant health-hazard information. Precautions to be taken so as to enhance safety during the substances usage. The name, and Australian address and telephone numbers (including an emergency number), of the manufacturer. If the ingred ients names are not on the MSDS, the manufacturer must present a medical practitioner with this vital information which would be recyclable if emergency medical treatment should be required.The medical practitioner should then sign an agreement not to misuse this information (Michael, 2008). Risk management principles in the supply of hazardous substances The Supplier should provide the MSDS to an employer (not a retailer though) the first time he supplies the substance to him and also after a revision of the MSDS by the manufacturer. The MSDS should also be given to a health practitioner. Proper and clear punctuateing is also a suppliers duty in risk management. Labeling is aimed at ensuring awareness of the goods handler on the possible risks touch on during handling.The label should generally contain the information in the MSDS. Supplier should provide employer with any other applicable information regarding the safe use of the substance, aside from that in the MSDS. R. (Cre ighton & Stewart, 2005). Risk management principles in the use of hazardous substances It is worth pointing out that the term use also refers to the handling, storage, transport or disposal of the substance. A abundant range of measures are to be taken by the employer to aid in risk management at the work premises. The employer must ensure all employees can always access the unaltered MSDS.The employer should also label the containers holding the hazardous substance. The label should still contain the information in the MSDS (Thompson, 2001). It is an employers call to ensure that substances contraindications of certain use, e. g. The prohibited use of Carbon disulphide is spray painting, are not used in that manner. For all(prenominal) employee, in case of exposure to the harmful substance which could pose a health risk, the employer must provide health surveillance under an authorized medical practitioner of his (employers) choice and at his (employers) expense (Bohle & Quinlan, 2000).The legislation clearly states the kind of health surveillance to be provided based on the hazardous substance to which employee has been exposed. A register of all hazardous substances to be kept at the work place. It should contain relevant MSDS and should be readily accessible to the employees. The risk assessment report of any hazardous substance should also be accessible to the employees. An employer must identify any hazardous substance contained in an enclosed system at the place of work such as a pipe or piping system (Johnstone, 2004). culture The importance of safety and security of health at work cannot be overemphasized. Absence of which directly translates to decreased productivity. This has moved me to believe that a nations greatest assets are its employees and thus it invests highly in their well-being. NSW, Australias most populous state, is not an exception as evidenced by the coming unitedly of various organizations, including the media, to work with the NSW government to ensure the SSHE legislation is properly implemented (Kloss, 2010).The NSW Government works unitedly with WorkCover Authority of NSW which administers regulations such as Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 and Dangerous Goods (Road and Rail Transport) Regulation 2009. These regulations support the general requirements of the legislation and provide more detail of its application. The OHS Magazine has also assisted in enlightening the public and the relevant authorities where and how to improve on ensuring safety at work (Creighton & Stewart, 2005).

Alfred Lubrano How College Corrupts

Alfred Lubrano How College Corrupts BY robn215 College is the next stepping stone to better or advance ones favorable standing in life, whether it is moving from a blue collar lifestyle to white collar, or to persist in to further their career path. However, it comes with an unavoidable result. Alfred Lubrano discusses this unavoidable result in his text The Shock of Education How College Corrupts. Lubrano discusses the subject of how furthering ones education opens much possibilities but at the same time distances those held to the highest degree dearly.He explains that the more knowledge gained, the bigger the gap caused between friends and family due to differences in levels of knowledge. That distance is greatly increase if one comes from a poorer land where blue collar workers are the social norm. For instance, conversations within lower class households come off more militaristic due to the accompaniment that all opinions are dictated by group consensus, where what the class says is so. lay to the middle class household where they are talked to as adults..Lubrano does not try to dissuade one from go to college, he simply shines a light onto a hidden liaison that is not discussed when act ones education. Lubrano hits the intoxicate on the head about the distance gained when continuing ones education with friends and family, but does not consider the fact about that distance being magnified as a first times American. One of Alfred Lubranos of import points was how college distanced childhood friends as well as loved ones.He describes how he learned to self-censor himself nd only discussed customary stuff, because it was undiscerning to his father, a blue collar working man. Not to mention that listening to a starting motor discuss the divisions of race, equality, or politics, was as unsettling as riding in a car with a parvenu driver. In fact, Lubranos professor himself told his class not to discuss what they have learned in class, Marx ist theory, because it would down up the holiday. Under those circumstances, one can only imagine the distance lost trying to fat the topics discussed.Lubrano does an excellent Job of demonstrating the distance gained from the sheer fact of furthering ones education but does not consider the space of first generation students trying to advance their educational life. I am a first generation college student and my parents were nothing but proud of me when I talked to them about continuing my education, as a matter of fact, they blush bragged about it to other family members as well as bought me new items for school, clothes, shoes, and a laptop.But, neither they nor I was prepared for the detachment that as brought upon by trying to further ones education. During my first year of college I was expose to the lifestyle of being completely free. I had attended Penn State University, which is about four and a half(prenominal) hours away from Philadelphia, and during that time I h ad become wild and rambunctious. This was mainly due to the fact that within Asiatic households, the children are raised and taught in a completely different manner than an American household even though I was born and raised in Philadelphia.However, I was raised both by Vietnamese standards of discipline and espect without sceptical authority, whilst also being raised on American standards of critical thinking and questioning everything. As you can tell those two standards of living are not exactly compatible. So, when college presented itself with the opportunity ot decision oneselt, I indulged As a consequence ot turtnering my education, I had lost some of my Asian roots and as you can tell when I returned home I was not the same person. I was a soapy freshman with a year of college under my belt with the mindset of being a completely free lance adult.Causing omplications within my family and distancing ourselves from one another. It was even more difficult because I could no t discuss exactly what was bear on my relationship with my parents due to a language barrier. Granted, I did know how to speak to them in Vietnamese, but not without struggle. This due to the fact that as a child, I was more interested in watching Saturday dawn cartoons than talking to my family. Alfred Lubrano does a good Job of describing exactly how furthering ones education causes a disassociate between friends and family.For example, he had to self- ensor his thoughts and separates which topics he talked about in order to not upset his family. However, he does not discuss the topic of how being a first generation college student can cause an even bigger divide between family due to different cultural beliefs and the language barrier. Again, Alfred Lubrano does not try to dissuade one from continuing ones education whatsoever, in fact he encourages it. Lubrano Just tries to expose a hidden agenda that most people do not discuss about, and that is how college causes a divide b etween family and friends.

Solution-Focused Therapy Essay

Solution digest therapy (SFT), unlike other forms of therapy entreats that a person doesnt thrust to understand both chore in order to resolve the problem and that the resultant isnt necessarily related to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to drop dead a brief oerview, description and rationale of Solution-focused therapy as headspring as an explanation of the curative extremityes come to in SFT. This paper leave behind also demonstrate through typeface example systemic case conceptualization/hypotheses, goals of treatment, as well as interventions used through the entire treatment plan process.Solution-focused therapy focuses on peoples competence rather than their deficits, their strengths rather than their weaknesses, their possibilities rather than their limitations (OHanlon, H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989, p. 1.). Solution-focused therapy (SFT), also k straight offn as Solution- cogitate apprise Therapy (SFBT) was developed in the 1980s by Steve de Shazer, Inso o Kim Berg, along with their team, Patricia Hudson, Williams Hanlon, Eve Lipchilk, Jane Peller, Scott Miller, John Walter, and Michelle Wiener-Davis from the Brief Family Therapy Family Center in Milwaukee, USA.This theory was based on over twenty years of empirical research, theoretical development, as well as clinical practice. Solution focused therapy (SFT) targets the relyd therapeutic outcomes of therapy as a solution without counselling on the issues or behaviors that brought the leaf node to therapy. This form of therapy is a competency based model which is incompatible in many ways from the traditional theories or approaches (Berg, I.K., (1994).The therapist encourages the node to envision their ideal future collaborating with the lymph node to establish a group of move needed to procure the desired goal. By examining and analyzing the leaf nodes vision, the therapist can determine what abilities, skills and resources the client can develop and use in order to ch ance on the envisioned outcome. de Shazer, S., (1985), suggests that the client is the expert the development of a solution is not necessarily related to the problem if something works, continue with it if something doesnt work, do something different if it isnt broken, dont try to fix it.The therapeutic process for SFT is always the same regardless of the clients concerns. SFT behavioral analyses are made of the exceptions rather of the problem. SFT uses the process ofoperant conditioning the discussion and implementation of the clients desired behavior is acknowledge and complimented by the therapist (positive reinforcement), the conversation and actions of undesired behavior is stifled (frustrative non-reward) due to the therapists insufficiency of recognition.SFT also uses the process-of classical conditioning the therapist suggests a homework assignment the client such as, doing something different or to pretend the miracle has happened (counter conditioning) (Bannink, F. P., (2007). Joining with the client means having a discussion about the clients issue or presenting problems prior to the first scheduled session. It is important for the therapist to right attention to any changes made previous to the first therapeutic session.Once that has taken place the focus shifts to the here and now and focuses on how clients change instead of diagnosing and treating problems. Signature questions are used in SFT interview sessions and are meant to establish a therapeutic process where the therapist effectively listens to the clients words enchantment the client expresses what is important to them, their wants, needs and related successes. The therapist then formulates and asks other questions by being cognoscente of the clients use of key words and phrases. It is also important to continue the effective audience process as the clients continue to answer questions based on their frame of reference.Through this continual process of listening, connecting and absorbing, along with the client responding the therapist and client together can lay down new and adjusted meanings that work toward mental synthesis positive solutions. Structured feedback from the therapist should look at the clients strengths and establish the next steps towards the future, concluding the session. How change is brought aboutSolution Focused therapy focuses on promoting change in the direction of the clients goals. When a client enters into a therapists care, the Solution Focused model follows a set of questions that will dictate where a client is kickoff from. Where a client is staring from is only if defined as where a client is willing to begin in the therapy process, which includes the amount of disclosure the client may be willing to exhibit. The therapist using this model may first ask the clients a question of what is the problem.This should then lead into what is the main cause of this problem. Next, theclient may be asked what maintains the problem. After these questions are answered or at least attempted by the client, the therapist should have an idea about the clients patterns of behavior and thinking around the problem. Having this knowledge will give the therapist a starting point from which to work from (Walter & Peller, 1992). By judgment where the client is at right now, the therapist is capable to construct solutions using the Solution Focused model. To construct solutions, on that point remain some assumptions, these may include that there is a solution to the problem or that multiple solutions exist.That the solutions are constructible, the therapist and the client are able to construct the solutions and that the therapist and the client construct and or invent solutions rather than discover them. Finally, after solutions have been constructed, the therapist would want this process to be modeled in order for it to be implemented by the client. In short, step one find out what the client wants. Step twain, look for what is working and do more of that. Step three, do something different.Solution Focused therapy is the answer to the question of how do we construct solutions? It is a total model it encompasses a way of thinking, a way of conversing with clients and a way of constructing solutions interactively. Solution Focused therapy is not a collaboration of techniques rather it reflects fundamental notions about change, about interaction and about attaining goals. The focus in therapy is shifted from the past to present day, where we look for causes and map patterns of problem maintenance (Walter & Peller, 1992).Case StudyElise, an African American/Caucasian woman, and Lionel, an African American male and have been in a married for two years and both are 27 years of age. They reported having no children, but both desire to have children before they r for each one 30 years of age. They both wanted to seek counseling because they argue constantly and cant seem to resolve the conflict in their relationship.Elise reports she withdraws whenever Lionel loses his temper. She states he just explodes over the slightest thing and this behavior must change before we bring children into this world Elise also expressed that Lionel becomes verbally abusive and loud. Lionel has expressed having irrational behavior and acting out since he was a child. His parents neverseemed to pay attention or worry about this behavior. HypothesisEstablishing effective communication skills will dissolve indeterminate conflict. Early-Phase Goals1. Develop and maintain a supportive relationship with Lionel and Elise. a.Allow Elise and Lionel to share in their own versions of the problem story, period effectively listening for the highlighting strengths, exceptions and resources.b.Maintain a beginners mind to assist in understanding each clients perspective on Lionels outbursts and other duette issues, while exploring and stay sensitive to the couples perspective. 2. Begin the process of key outing exceptions, possibilities, and possible solutions to Lionels outbursts/Elises withdrawal method and the couples ability to resolve conflict.a.Discuss the communication issue as something that is solvable and in terms of solution. b.Identify Elises and Lionels strengths and resources and individuals and as a couple. Middle-Phase Goals1. Increase number of respectful communication exchanges between Lionel and Elise that allow each to feel heard. a.Using scaling questions to identify small steps to be taken by Lionel and Elise between sessions that will move them closer to maintaining open, healthy by directing them to scale improvements in communication (one being no positive changes in communication and ten being the desired communication interaction). b.Monitor exceptions to Lionels outbursts/Elises withdrawal and times when the outbursts were not a problem.2. Assist couple in learning to resolve conflict without angry, fickle episodes or withdrawal. a.Monitor exceptions when Lion el and Elise have been able to resolve conflict successfully and identify factors that led to the successful outcome. b.Scale changes in conflict-resolution skills.c.Compliment progress and solutions.Late-Phase Goals1. Increase couples readiness for children and parenting. a.Allow Lionel and Elise to discuss readiness for children and parenting while effectively listening for strengths and resources. b.Scale the couples readiness toparent and take steps to get on track. c.Compliment existing strengths and identify additional strengths and resources.2. Highlight progress and attainment of goals and develop a plan for anticipated challenges, identifying Lionel and Elises strengths, resources, and solutions. a.Identify what changes have worked and the best strategies for staying on track. b.Focus on future-oriented talk and highlight use of solutions in the future. c.Compliment on progress, change, and achievement in communication and conflict-resolution skills and Lionels diminished v erbal outbursts. Therapists ThoughtsAlthough this therapist therapy of choice is Multigenerational Family Therapy Solution-focused has its attributes, such as the Miracle Question. The genius behind this question is that it forces you to stop thinking about why you cant achieve something and allows you to imagine how your life could be if something miraculous occurred. Solution-Focused therapy empowers the client with the ability to find resolution to their own issues and problems. This therapist feels that Solution-focused therapy is an appropriate addition to the Family Systems concepts.ReferencesBannink, F. P. (2007). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Journal Of Contemporary Psychotherapy, (2), 87. Berg, I.K. (1994). Family Based Services A Solution-Focused Approach. New York Norton & Co. de Shazer, S. (1985). Keys to solution in brief therapy. New York Norton. OHanlon H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989). In Search of Solutions A New Direction in Psychotherapy. New York Norton. Walter, J. L ., Peller, J. E. (1992). Becoming solution-focused in brief therapy. New York Brunner/Mazel.