Gender The Body

Basing on Michel Foucault’s view on the body as that controlled in terms of space and time, Sandra Lee Bartky in her article â€Å"Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power† reviews the way female bodies are controlled in terms of space and appearance and emphasizes that in modern conditions women are more than ever restricted by those factors (22).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Gender The Body specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, standards of feminine behavior presuppose that woman demonstrates submissiveness and deference, which is done through taking more humble poses than men and smiling much more often (Bartky 22–23). On the other hand, demands to appearance result in women considering their bodies as enemies that should be monitored through diets, exercise, and cosmetic procedures to keep up to feminine standards (Bartky 22, 23–24). In this monitoring there remains no place for self-expression since every procedure corresponds to standardized rules. The especial tragedy of this constant monitoring situation is seen by Bartky in the fact that in their attempt to control and monitor their feminine compliance, women become objects of male ridicule (Bartky 24). Male society pretends to keep away from giving any standards or prescriptions as to female standards, and only scoffs at the typically female attention to fashion and make-up trends. The disciplinarians of women appear to be â€Å"everywhere and nowhere†: whereas ideas and standards of female ideal saturate everyday environment at work, school, in the street or mass media, nobody takes the responsibility for intrusion of female standards (Bartky 24). Women actually carry out constant self-monitoring and self-surveillance, and in this respect turn out to be their own disciplinarians (Bartky 26). Such situation results partially from the â€Å"revision of femininity† when not female duties and obligations characterize a woman as belonging to female society but her appearance outward behavior is the crucial factor defining her ‘membership’ (Bartky 25). The issue of whether women display compliance with social standards of femininity or engage in self-expression by following the fashion trends is quite a debatable one. It cannot be justly claimed that such interest for the outward appearance is only a recent phenomenon: women have taken care of their appearance throughout history.Advertising Looking for assessment on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, men are nowadays doing it no less than women, attending spa salons and tracing trends in clothing. The art of dressing and applying appropriate make up indicates the taste of the woman, her sense of beauty and measure. It is true that certain part of female population is obsessed with copyi ng some conventional standards; but that does not mean women do not express themselves through clothing or make-up. Following a standard means lacking in personal fantasy but not limiting it in any case. Involving in the modern feminist-political debate, Rose Weitz in her article â€Å"A History of Women’s Bodies† characterizes the historically dominant attitude to female body as an object constituting men’s property (4). Seen as defective and even dangerous already from the ancient times, female body, together with its frailer constitution, was vested with such degrading qualities as â€Å"less developed brain and emotional and moral weaknesses that could endanger any man who came under their spell† (Weitz 4). In the Middle Ages this view of female body resulted in witch-hunt, with the situation changing but a little in the eighteenth century when women still have no civil rights and fully belonged to their husbands. As a counter reaction to women increa sed access to education or employment, nineteen-century men proclaimed them too frail to be involved in any men-equal activity, and this degrading treatment lasted till 1970s (Weitz 6–8). As feminists emancipation movement activated in the second half of the twentieth century, there has been observed a series of backlashes to the changing of social view on female body (Weitz 9). Firstly, women are held in great pressure as to maintaining the â€Å"acceptable appearances†: large amount of exercise, cosmetic surgery, and dieting have become essential for keeping up to the standards (Weitz 10). Secondly, PMS condition is by large controlled via medical services since it is considered an illness to be treated. Thirdly, abortion rights are debated as contrasted to â€Å"fetal rights†: abortive mothers are often prejudiced in society as baby-killers (Weitz 10–11). Such social attitudes to appearance, PMS, and abortion issues actually limits the woman’s r ight to fully control her own body. In the long run, it appears that feminist struggle for recognition of equality or even superiority of female body over the male one has led to a double result. On the one hand, women have attained opportunities to involve in activities that were previously considered typically male, such as politics or large-scale business. Nobody is supposed to make an allowance for gender when deadlines project have to be met or important decisions taken: women take equal responsibility as men for the result of their professional activities. On the other hand, the male society still executes control over the female body by prescribing certain hardly achievable standards of appearance and by treating the monthly PMS as an unhealthy state. Those are the prejudices to be yet overcome.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Gender The Body specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Bartky, Sand ra Lee. â€Å"Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power.† Sociology of the Body: A Reader. Eds. Claudia Malacrida and Jacqueline Low. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. 21–26. Print. Weitz, Rose. â€Å"A History of Women’s Bodies.† The Politics of Women’s Bodies: Sexuality, Appearance, and Behavior, 3rd edition. Ed. Rose Weitz. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 3–12. Print. This assessment on Gender The Body was written and submitted by user Wesley S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Political Theory of Lying in America essays

Political Theory of Lying in America essays The significance of lying in American politics. The Americans, as a people do a lot of lying. America's current political system is overflowing with deception and corruption.i ¿Ã‚ ½ However, the deception and corruption is presented to the public in such a way from the most respected and trusted sources that everybody believes almost everything they hear on the news as if "that's all you need to know about it".i ¿Ã‚ ½ Who ever controls the use of the shallow street talk controls the depth of involvement the public will have in finding a solution to the multiple social dilemmas at hand. People are free to believe the open society lies told by the media.i ¿Ã‚ ½ Americans are open to lies of all sorts, and the U.S. government is a democratically run democracy.i ¿Ã‚ ½ How is it possible for the U.S. government people to "help" write a Constitution for the Iraqi people in six months or a year as they claim when it will take at least two years of debate in Congress to decide if telemarketers selling all kinds of unsolicited materials are "protected" by the Constitution'i ¿Ã‚ ½ i ¿Ã‚ ½ We are open to telling gigantic lies, and little lies, and leaving it up to the perceivers to sort out the meanings for application to each individual situation.i ¿Ã‚ ½ America's leaders cannot be trusted to do what they say they will do.i ¿Ã‚ ½ They rarely hold up to their campaign promises, and its always the other party's fault.i ¿Ã‚ ½ Each presidency does bring its own unique style to the task of deceiving the citizenry. And at least you can derive some truths about a president from the way he chooses to lie to you. The characteristic lying style of George Bush the Elder derived from his core belief that politics and real life are separate realms. This derived in turn from the cherished preppy-snob distinction be...

Gender difference in advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender difference in advertising - Essay Example Buying power for women varies depending on various factors, among them being education, whether married, with a child or not and other factors (Dines & Humez 2011). The buying power among women folk is especially considered high and therefore advertising trends tend to feature more on what mothers want, from, baby clothes to food stuff. Every New Year, demographics on the size and quantity of shopping from the female gender keeps on rising (Dines & Humez 2011). Women have continuously shopped more, both online and offline, and continue to do so, eclipsing their male counter parts. Research indicates that women are not only the gender influencing more on the consumer purchase decisions but they also do shopping differently. Women tend to take more time when they are doing shopping and they also are more selective (Dines & Humez 2011). Advertising companies therefore have had to delve more into the shopping behavior of women and look at ways of ensuring that marketing adverts are tailor made and suited to appeal to the female gender more (Dines & Humez 2011). While this does not necessarily mean that advertising does not focus on men, it is aimed at ensuring that advertising realizes the goal of winning over potential consumers as well as maintaining the existing market

Critical Perspectives on Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Critical Perspectives on Management - Essay Example This research investigated the Derrida's views on the worth of deconstruction for management students and vital aspects of deconstruction between managerial decision-making of managers and a set of specified contingent situational training factors: decision type, perceived skill requirements, and objective skill inputs (Bowie N. E.,2002). The term deconstruction was coined by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s and is used in contemporary humanities and social sciences to denote a philosophy of meaning that deals with the ways that meaning is constructed by writers, texts, and readers and understood by readers (Campbell J., 2002). One way of understanding the term is that it involves discovering, recognizing, and understanding the underlying and unspoken and implicit assumptions, ideas, and frameworks that form the basis for thought and belief. It has various shades of meaning in different areas of study and discussion, and is, by its very nature, difficult to define with out depending on "un-deconstructed" concepts (Ciulla J. B., 2005, 5-28). The results show a significant training for management student and relationship between the choice of decision styles and the postulated contingency variables. Only 1% of 615 senior managers consistently use a single decision style, more than two-thirds use four or five different styles. Very large variations occur as a function of different decision tasks, perceived skill requirements and objective skill availability (Cropanzano R.).According to the expert analysis, Derrida has been called a philosopher, anti-philosopher, fictional theorist, fictional subverter and thinker joker. But his innermost doctrines are clear. For management students, his conceptions are a source of excel once we use language (speech or writing) to submit to actuality, that realism is linguistically formulated and therefore undetermined. Import is not impressive preexisting in the mind that we move violently to articulate. Like the maj or logical schools of management students for talking philosophy from Hume onwards, and different from Saussure, Derrida does not consider words as the appearance of ideas (Bowie N. E.,2002).

Principles of business law two questions in an assignment Essay

Principles of business law two questions in an assignment - Essay Example She later refused to pay back this sum of money to Peter. Can he sue her Would it make any difference to your answer if, instead of borrowing this sum of money to go for a boat cruise, she had actually borrowed this sum of money to go for a study tour of China organized by her school In answering these questions, the major source of support was Article 2 of the US Uniform Commercial Code, which broadly covers the law governing sales contracts. Meanwhile the examples of cases cited were taken from English cases. Q1. According to section 2-205 of the US Uniform Commercial Code, in every sales contract, there must be an object on offer, an offer made, an acceptance made, and an exchange. The person making the offer is called the offeror and the person making the acceptance is called the offeree. Even if the offeree has made up his mind to a final acceptance, the agreement is not yet complete. There must be an external manifestation of his assent. This can be some word spoken or act done by the offeree or by his authorised agent, which a court of law can regard as the communication of the acceptance to the offeror. What constitutes communication varies with the nature of the case and has provoked many difficult problems. a) The first scenario mak... What constitutes communication varies with the nature of the case and has provoked many difficult problems. a) The first scenario makes a lot of difference in the interpretation and analysis of the case. Going by the facts of the case, Jane's acceptance was sent within a reasonable time, such that even though Andrew received the letter 'late', the court could still deem the contract enforceable. This view has support from section 2-207(1) of the Uniform Commercial Code, which states that 'A definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or a written confirmation which is sent within a reasonable time operates as an acceptance' Jane could rightly evoke the provisions of this article to rightfully sue Andrew for a breach of contract. Carrying out the stipulated task is enough to constitute acceptance of the offer. However, by making an underpayment for the postage stamp, Jane indirectly failed to communicate to Andrew her acceptance of the offer. This was contrary to the general rule that an acceptance must be communicated to the offeror. The case of Jane and Andrew is typical of one where the postal rule can not be applied because the letter of acceptance was not properly posted (Simpson, 1987). As an academic problem, the postal rule in the work of Wald & Williston (1906) could be evoked to give three possible answers to this scenario in the following light: an offer made through the post might be regarded as accepted in the eyes of the law: i) as soon as the letter of acceptance is put into the post; or ii) when the letter of acceptance is delivered to the offeror's address; or iii) when the letter of acceptance is

Logistics Manager Role and Responsibilities

Logistics Manager Role and Responsibilities Question 1 The activities that a logistics manager might be responsible are: 1- Traffic and Transportation: It is physical movement of goods. Transportation has an important role in the supply chain and it can amount to high costs. The logistic managers need to choose the most effective combination of transport to improve value to the company and customers. The forms of transportation are: Pipeline, sea, railway, air, etc. 2- Warehousing and storage: Warehousing are the activities of storing, receiving shipping materials for production and distribution centers. It also includes managing human resources. 3- Material/Product Handling: Allocation and movements of product and materials and its distribution within the warehouse. This includes order procedures, picking up and shipment areas on warehouse. The logistic manager needs to coordinate the type of equipment and storage devices used to handle the product. 4- Inventory control and management: The logistic manager has the responsibility to assure that inventory levels are balanced and make sure the inventory is accurate. The inventory levels needs to be checked for replenishments either by monitoring shipments of orders, schedule of production or placement of new orders. The inventory accuracy needs to be check against system. Logistic managers need to schedule physical inventory checks and cross those numbers against the system. If there is any inaccuracy those needs to be adjusted on the system and inventory replenished if needed. Inventory control minimizes inventory and reduce cost. 5- Order fulfillment: Those are the activities of filling and shipping of customer orders. The lead time for order fulfillments are important to control and minimize customers lead times. 6- Demand forecasting: Forecasting is important efficiency of inventory. Forecasting needs to be accurate and reliable and logistic managers need to develop the forecast with marketing department at the most accuracy, as high inventories are attributed to poor forecasting. 7- Production planning and scheduling The logistic manager needs to work closely with production planning in order to coordinate shipments and market demand. 8- Procurement: Procurement negotiates contracts deliveries for product and also selects suppliers. The logistic manager control the transportation costs based on location and cost of materials necessary for production. 9- Customer service: The logistics managers need to ensure the customer receives the product at the right time, place and with quality. The logistic manages needs to be concern with inventory levels and locations to assure right time and place can be met. Also that order fill in rate are complete. All 15 listed activities are connected and affect customer satisfaction. 10- Plant and warehouse site selection: The Logistic manager needs to choose, location, size and quantity if warehouses based the inventory size. 11- Part and Service support: This activity is especially important for technical product. The replacement of spare parts and repair are also part of the customer support and service as sales to customers do not ends with the delivery of products. 12- Reverse logistics: The main focus of reverse logistics is to reduce costs by managing the reuse of materials. Those include returns, reuse, repair, recycling and disposal of those in the reverse journey from the customer to the firms warehouse and or supplier. 13- Protective Packing: The packing is related to the type of packing needed for each mode of transportation and also the storage of product. Each mode of transportation might need different packing and that needs to be designed to minimize risk of damaging the product and reduce costs. 14- Information Maintenance: Analysis control, manipulation collections, maintenance and storage of data related to logistics is one of the responsibilities of a manager. The data is important as it drive the decision process. 15- Salvage and Scrap disposal: Salvage and scrap material have to be disposed and the logistic managers needs to manage that those are properly handled and sold to specialized companies. Today there are more and more public concerns with environment and companies to responsibly address their waste. Question 2 The four dimensions of customer services and how these elements affect the cost centers of both buyer and sellers are: A). Time: For the buyer perspective time means lead times, the order cycle and replenishment. As for the sellers time means the order management process and Bill to Cash process. The factors that affect time are the degree in which logistics control the elements of lead time. Seller need to control processes of order picking, shipment of orders and order processing. Consequently, Logistics manager needs to control consistence across the order cycle especially length and duration. If that is not controlled it will impact inventory levels for the buyers. The sellers need to work on improvements of cost centers that will result in the cost effective savings for the company and give the highest customer service returns. Lead times will affect both buyers which expect lower inventories and sellers that aim for productivity savings and improvements. Therefore, time is very important for customer service. B). Dependability: From buyers prospective dependability and trust is important because it a minimize inventory levels considering the lead time is stable. The buyers that can rely on orders arriving at stable time could adjust their inventory based on those times and reduce or eliminate their safety stock quantity. As for sellers dependability it is important as they can rely on buyers to run logistic department with stable lead times. Cycle time directly affects buyers inventory level and stock out costs. If lead time is stable will reduce uncertainty of buyers. In the other hand if cycle time is unstable it will create delays and loss of sales for buyers in which will increase costs. As for sellers if they can provide stable and reliable lead time to buyers it will create a differentiation in product and create competitive advantage against other competitors. In the other hand, if cycle time is unstable and create extra costs for buyers. The sellers might receive claims due to buyers delays and loss of revenue. That is why dependability is so important and both buyers and sellers need to rely on stable cycle times. Safe delivery is another important part of any logistic system. If products are lost or arrive damaged the buyers wont be able to sell or use the product. When damaged product happens it will affect several buyers departments such as inventory, marketing and production and those can create high costs. Another important point is if buyers receive damage products they will need to increase inventory levels for the future to account for damaged product risks which would generate further costs to buyers. Correct orders are another important part of the logistic system, buyers needs to trust that filling orders will be accurate. If there is an inaccuracy it might cause loss of sales and or production. If customer is unsatisfied with the inaccuracy and they will need to reorder the product and they might choose other competitors to order from. As for the sellers the correct orders results in high dependability from buyers. If there is inaccuracy buyers might claim the sellers causing increase of costs. Further it might cause loss of sales and trustability. C). Communications Communication with buyers is important to monitor the customer service level and dependability. The communications needs to be both ways buyers to sellers and vice versa and constantly open. As regular communication is needed to ensure efficiency on physical distribution. There are three types of communications and those can be performed manually, electronically or through an information system. Pre- transaction: It includes current product availability, delivery dates. Pre- transition provides buyers with information in which decisions are made. This communication is directly related to the companys police towards customer service. Transaction: This provides both sellers and buyers with information about order filling, process of picking the product out inventory including time required. Buyers need information on their orders and the update state of those. They will then communicate with sellers to have an update on the information. During communications sellers can assess inventory availability and if any product is not available they then communicate with buyers. Buyers and sellers can also communicate on status of shipments. Pos- transaction This type communication is after sales service for buyers. It is related to returns, assembly or repairs. The sellers need to be efficient and provide response quickly to differentiate from other competitors even if that includes returning product because buyers are not unsatisfied. D). Convenience Buyers might have different requirements and sellers need to be flexible to accommodate those. They might require different packing, mode of transportation, carriers or delivery dates. Seller or more specifically logistic manager need to factor buyers requirements in terms of costs and provide service level as reasonably required. Flexibility allows for sellers to be perceived as convenient and accommodating. Although, flexibility is needed sellers need to carefully analyze those requirements and try to create a pattern among those. Customer service activities are costly and sellers need to examine those carefully to improve revenues and or address any loss of profit. Logistic managers need to determine the right level of customer service as it is more difficult to imitate, the cost associated with each activity must be beneficial for the seller the ideal is that the level of customer service costs equal to its profit return and also provide competitive advantage. Question 3 Marketing interfaces with logistics in terms of physical distribution and or outbound. As logistics is responsible for the transportation, storage and on time delivery of product to customers. In which interface with marketing in terms of being the key ability to provide product at the right quantity, time and place. The four basic concepts of market mix and how logistic interface are: Price: In term of prices logistic needs to adjust quantities in order to receive the most competitive prices for transportation modes. The price discount received for bulk volumes shipments offered by shippers are important and logistics need to manager those in order to have competitive prices. As customer might also might be offered discount price on bulk volume the transportation rates discount in terms of weights or volume are beneficial for both customer and seller as reduce total transportation costs. It is not always possible to benefit from the transportations rates however logistics needs to manager to investigate those in the market. As per inventory logistics will also be part of the volume sold in different prices ranges and those will also affect the inventory levels and repleshiment times. Marketing will also inform logistics of the of the different sales projects in particular times of the year and special price rates that is needed to meet projected demand. Product: Marketing main concern is product and its physical characteristics. such as their size, weight and type of packing. All those are physical properties that affect the logistics system as they will be responsible to move and store .Physical dimensions affect movements system and transportation such as equipment handling, pallets, packing and others. Consequently, it is important that logistics managers work with marketing in terms of giving an input when marketing is working on physical characteristics of a product. Logistics also needs to work with marketing on creating specifications for new packing in terms of sizes and weight in order to minimize transportation issues such as inefficiently use of container space, use of size pallets on any issue that might cause damaged product. If marketing works with logistics managers they can recommend changes that could make product friendly to the logistics system and reduce costs that would have an effect on product sales. It is important also that marketing works with logistics in term of developing consumer packing, as it might influence sales. Marketing is concern with its appearance and the information provided to the customers. For logistics they are concern if the consumer packing fits the external packing, basically all dimensions that influence the logistics system including the protection of the product. The consumer packing will affect materials handling, transportation and warehouse. Promotion: Marketing spend millions in promotion such as campaigns and advertising l that will increase sales. Marketing works with push and pull sales strategies which means marketing can push to the distribution channels to the customer or pull it or a combination of both. The pull approach usually caused a high quantity random product demand by customers; therefore Marketing should work with logistics as those promotions which affect inventory levels as logistics managers need to ensure that quantities are available for sales. Although push strategy allows for marketing to predict the consumers respond to product in a more organized way, the interface of marketing and logistics is still important because allows for logistic to work in advance to have the optimal inventory level needed. Place: Place is directly related to the distribution channels. Marketing work on decisions such as selling product to wholesale or to retails or both. For logistics managers those decisions directly affect the logistics system requirements. In my opinion, the most important component of the marketing mix is Product, most specifically consumer packing. With the growing consumer demand on Eco friendly packing, reduces, reuse and recycle marketing is forced into a position of redesign their consumer packing. The interaction between marketing and logistics is particular important, because the different trades off that need to be made when choosing a new packing. While logistic will be concern with reducing storage, weight and sizes, marketing will be concern with attracting consumers attention and reinforce brand image. Product also has distribution and storage that directly affect costs, performance and lead times. Therefore, Marketing and logistics poor cooperation in terms of product consumers packing can lead to higher packing costs, transportation costs and longer transit lead times. References: The open university of Hong Kong , Unit 1 Unit 2 MKTB371 Logistics

A proposal for a training program for international peace-keeping organizations Essay

The peace keeping program explores the training needs and practices of four distinct groups involved in peace operations- US government agencies, the military, international civilian police, and non governmental organizations- that are expected to respond, separately or collaborate, to emergencies in affected areas around the world (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). The United States government has been said to have little ability today to respond rapidly to an international humanitarian emergency with a well-trained disaster response team. The delivery of adequate training to U. S. government personnel for the management of complex emergencies has been hampered by three distinct shortcomings; inadequate training content, inadequate training coverage, and the absence of a single command center with responsibility for improving training in complex emergency management (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). There is a stark contrast between the capabilities of the military and civilian communities at the beginnings of operations. The military in general has abundant resources and a clear mission under unified control. However this has not been the case with the civilian sector in peace operations, which is beset with multiple and conflicting agendas and generally enters the post intervention period lacking adequate resources, builds slowly, and spends an inordinate amount of time coordinating its own efforts rather than addressing the needs of the society in which it has intervened (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9-10). The militaries role should be to lead from behind acknowledging the primacy of the primacy of the civilian goals and coordinating its support so that it becomes a continuation of the civilian effort by other means. (Bailey, 1982). The civilian success will be based on adapting the international standards to the new political environment and gaining public acceptance instead of re-establishing failed systems. The development of all fronts is necessary like infrastructural, economic, human and the leadership (Bankus 2002, p. 4) A system should be put in place to generate leaders who can articulate, evaluate, and solve problems. There must be a public debate on how the international community prepares its post intervention efforts. There should also be a core training curriculum for all actors involved in the humanitarian-relief and peace operations that are based on common, holistic visions. Such a curriculum would be built around enhanced human relations, interpersonal skills, communi cation, and management (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). Beyond this core training requirement, the individual agencies and organizations must recruit and train their staff to be experts in their areas of operations. At present, however there is no centralized training facility or a common curriculum that prepares civilians for the challenges they face in responding to international emergencies (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). Although both the US. Government agency and NGO communities recognize that there is need for common and more efficient training, the lack of commitment in terms of organizational culture, as well as the lack of time and resources, limits their efforts. The U. S. Government as suggested should take the lead in developing core training requirements and assign responsibilities to various agencies and other participants that could be trained at a common -use facility devoted to international training and response to complex emergencies. Doing this however requires significant resources, as well as a consensus among the agencies and the governments that support them (Felfer, 2002). The Military Training the Military for Peace Operations: A Past, Present and Future View. It has always been a practice on the global front to use the military forces in performing military related operations apart from war. (Goodbye, 1992)Granted the main responsibility of the military is to be prepared for any threat of war. In many countries, attempts have not been made by many governments train the military forces in other areas which are not related to main mission. (Bedrail, 1993). This has led to a realization among many states that there is need to train the military in other areas different from war because it is increasingly becoming important to do so (Zartman & Rasmussen, 1997). In the pat training the military for matters of peace has been not been structured and were largely based on the experiences which were inherited from the predecessors in which case the military acquired skills which were unique to some specific operational area (Miltenberger & Weiss, 2000). In coming up with a training program for the military destined for peacekeeping missions, it will be important to consider several factors like doctrine leadership as well as equipment. At the same time it is necessary to factor in the element of force mix besides other factors like training as well as the quality of the human capital. It is important to note that all these factors will be of utmost importance though the doctrine will provide the basic principles upon which the military will support the objectives of the nation. This implies therefore that there will be a positive correlation between tough but realistic military training and their victory on any war mission. This actually is the basis of the training philosophy of the U. S military (Berger & Rice, 2001). It will therefore be important that in pursuit of the above philosophy, the military training program be guided by the following fundamental factors. First it will be important that the military be trained as a combined team. The rationale behind this is that it will lead to the achievement of the proficiency of not only the leaders and individuals but also the specific military units. It will equally be important to structure the training as to replicate a real fighting situation besides employing the most appropriate doctrines and rules obtained from documents like the training plan for mission activities (Schoenhaus, 2001). It will also be important that the designed military training program incorporates a practical approach. This implies that the training program will need to be performance related. At the same time, it will be necessary to anticipate and train for challenging scenarios besides training in such a way as to ensure that the proficiency of the military is not eroded in any way. The implication for this is that there will be need to ensure that the trained military personnel do not lose the skills they will have acquired. It will equally be important to consider the various rank-techniques comprise several levels of the structures of command. Last it will be important to take good care of the training equipment as well as employing the senior and experienced military commanders to facilitate the training programs (Smock, 1999). It is important note here that just like in any training program, time will play a crucial role in influencing the military training program. It therefore implies that both the training time as well as other resources will be limited thereby necessitating the need to structure the training program in a way that only the very important mission tasks are accomplished. This would mean that all the essential activities are first selected before conditions and benchmarks for each of the identified activities can be set under the guidance of the commander. The expectation will be that all the military units will be capable of accomplishing the tasks in relation to the performance benchmarks. The end result of the above structure will be the development of a training strategy which will determine the required standard of proficiency (Smock, 1999). The military do have the opinion that issues of peace building are not central to its main objective of war. However it is interesting to note that there is a considerable agreement that properly trained military also make the best agents of peace given the fact that they are usually disciplined. Depending on the level of technical knowledge of a military officer ( Huggland, 1992). destined for a peace keeping mission, it is important to offer additional training like on the areas of negotiations, check areas, skills for stopping civil arrests as well as risk managements (Sisk, 1999). Additional training would equally be needed for instance in cases where there is need to familiarize oneself with the affected region as well as for operations that are multinational in nature. (Mackinlay and Chopra, 1992). It will equally be necessary for the military officers to understand the engagement rules pertaining to the various settings besides the need to have skills for managing a case of confiscated materials. All these factors will be necessary owing to the fact that a peace keeping environment would not be the same as an environment of war as the former will require a great deal of sensitivity in the conduct of the operations (Simmons, 1999). It is thus important to acknowledge the fact that it would be adequate to conduct some training for the military before deploying them to the affected areas. However this alone would not suffice thus calling for the need for additional peacetime training in matters concerning peace. (Rifkind, 1993). The realization was that it was still a challenge for the military to manage political as well as civilian aspects of the military Thus, there is needed a benchmark of generic activities as well as standards to act as a guide to all the military units in matters relating to peace operations trainings(Berger & Rice, 2001).

How Farmers Are Involved in Agricultural Extension Programme Planning in Ondo State Adp Essay

HOW FARMERS ARE INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAMME PLANNING IN ONDO STATE ADP. The Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) were first launched as viable projects in 1972 only two years after the end of civil war, when Nigeria was facing its first food and fibre shock. It started in Northern Nigerian towns of Gombe and Gusau with two pilot projects assisted by the World Bank. The projects were to be funded under a tripartite agreement involving World Bank 66%, Federal government 20% and State government 14% in addition to payments of salaries of local staff. The two main objectives of the ADPs were to increase food production, and to raise the income of small-scale farmers. The ondo state ADP was created after the success of the three (3) pilot projects in 1975 covering an LGA in 3 States. The success of the pilot schemes lead to expansion to other LGAs and States (Ondo state inclusive) in the late 70s and by 1989, all the states of the Federation were implementing the integrated approach. The Ondo state ADP is the implementation organ of the state ministry of agriculture. Ondo State Agricultural Development Project (ODSADEP) is an institution structurally divided into two Zones, four sub-Zones, and eighteen Blocks/LGAs containing 162 cells/circles. The achievable number of farm families (FF) stood at 180,000 with EA: FF ratio of 1:1782.(ODSADEP, 2012) I. ADP ZONES: ZONE I (Northern part – covers 8 Local Governments) ZONE II (Southern part – covers 10 Local Governments) The order of hierrachy in the ODSADEP starts with The Project Manager of ADP, Mr Idowu Olabode,followed by Directors of each department, Deputy Directors, Zonal Extension officers,Area Zonal Extension Officers,Zonal WIA, Block extension supervisor, Block extension Agents, Extension agents, Radio/TV officers, audio visual technican, photographer, etc. SOME OF THE EXTENSION TRAINING PROGRAMMES CARRIED OUT BY THE ODSADEP IN THE YEAR 2012. Title | Organizers| Categories ofTrainees| Date| No. ofTrainees| Collaborators| Orientation/Review Training on FFS| ADP| Extension staffs| 23rd-24thApril, 2012| 27| FGN & AfDB| Training of Farmers ledfacilitators on FFS| ADP| Farmers | 18th-19thJuly, 2012| 34| FGN & AfDB| NPFS Women Training| ADP| Women farmers| 21st-24thAug., 2012| 268| FGN & AfDB| Sensitization of WomenFarmers Group on integratedfarming.| ADP| Womenfarmers| 26th Apr-24thMay, 2012| 1,602|Â  Ondo State Government| Demand Driven CourseTraining (NPFS)| ADP| Farmers | 14th-26thJune, 2012 | 201| FGN & AfDB| Establishment andManagement of HomeGarden Training (NPFS)| ADP| Farmers | 17th-27thJuly, 2012| 186| FGN & AfDB| (source: OSADEP, 2012) ILLUSTRATION OF HOW A SUCCESSFUL AGRIC EXTENSION PROGRAMME PLANNING IS CARRIED BY ODSADEP FOR FARMERS PROGRAMME: Farmers Training on Food Security in Bolorunduro in Ondo West Local Government Area. Writing and implementing an extension program requires planning. Extension program planning involves a process of selecting the best course of action to accomplish an objective. It deals with an individual extension worker’s decision. The precise patterns vary considerably as situations differ from one another, however, the following steps in planning should be taken into consideration: Collection of facts: . This includes facts about the village people of Bolorunduro in Ondo West Local Government Area, Ondo State. Their physical conditions, existing farm & home practices, trends & outlook. Besides, other facts about their customs, traditions, rural institutions, peoples’ organisations operating in the area, etc. should be collected. 2. Analysis of the situation – After collecting facts, they are analysed & interpreted to find out the problems & needs of the people. 3. Identification of problems- As a result of the analysis of facts the important gaps between ‘what is’ & ‘what should be’ are identified & the problems leading to such a situation are located. These gaps represent the people’s needs which is food insecurity. 4. Determination of objectives- the aim of the training was to train farmers’ groups on how to utilise the knowledge and skills which they will acquire during the training in efforts to achieve food security. to train farmers in all aspects of farming and food production, farm management and to keep the farmers’ groups alive to enable them to have some joint benefits in the project. 5. Developing the plan of work – the calendar of activities is developed Operation| Teaching objective| Teaching methods| Time table| Staff to do the job| Training on food security| 1. to train farmers in all aspects of farming and food production, farm management andto keep the farmers’ groups alive |Â  LectureVisual aids| 12th-15th April, 2012| Extension agents| 6. Execution of the plan of work – arrangement for supplying the necessary inputs, teaching aids, extension literature etc. Was being made available & the specific action was initiated. 7. Evaluation – here, measurement of the degree of success of the programme in terms of the objectives & goals are set forth. This is basically done to determine the changes in the behaviour of the people as a result of the extension programme. The evaluation is done not only of the physical achievements but also of the methods & techniques used & of the other steps in the programme-planning process, so that the strong & weak points may be identified & necessary changes made. 8. Reconsideration – The systematic & periodic evaluation of the programme will reveal the weak & strong points of the programme. Based on these points the programme is reconsidered & the necessary adjustments & changes are made in order to make it more meaningful & sound. References Ondo State Agricultural Development Programme (2012): ondo state agricultural development programme Akure, national agricultural extension review and planning Meeting report for year 2012

Smart Famous People and Their SAT Scores

Smart Famous People and Their SAT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you are taking the SAT, you are definitely not alone! While colleges use SAT scores as an indicator of smarts and aptitude for college, smart people do not always perform well on the SAT test. In this article, I will share the SAT scores of some reputedly smart people, former and current Presidents, CEOs, authors, etc. Hopefully, their scores will make you feel proud of your own! SAT Scores of Smart People At PrepScholar, we've gathered a complete list of smart people’s SAT scores. We found theirscores in past interviews or through investigative research.You will see their scores are widespread: Smart Person Known For SAT Score (out of 1600) Alma Mater Paul Allen Co-founder of Microsoft 1600 Washington State University Bill Gates Co-founder of Microsoft 1590 Harvard Ben Bernanke Economist / Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1590 Harvard Bill O'Reilly Political Commentator 1585 Marist College Rush Limbaugh Political Commentator 1530 Southeast Missouri State University Scott McNealy Businessman / Co-founder ofSun Microsystems 1420 Stanford Al Gore 45th Vice President of the United States, under President Bill Clinton 1355 Harvard Meredith Vieira Television Host 1300s Tufts University Stephen King Author 1300s University of Maine George W. Bush 43rd President of the United States 1206 Yale John Kerry Current Secretary of State 1190 Yale Amy Tan Author 1100s Linfield College, San Josà © State University Bill Clinton 42nd President of the United States 1032 Georgetown Al Franken US Senator / Former SNL Comedian 1020 Harvard Howard Stern Radio and TV Personality 870 Boston University All of these people took the SAT, but others took the ACT, and we converted their ACT scores to the SAT scale: Smart Person Known For ACT Score SAT Conversion (out of 1600) Alma Mater Sonia Sotomayor Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 35 1560 Princeton Steve Jobs Co-founder of Apple 32 1420 Reed College Barack Obama 44th and current President of the United States 30 1340 Columbia University Lyndon B. Johnson 36th President of the United States 26 1190 Texas State University William Faulkner Author 18 870 University of Mississippi Obviously, you do not need to score well on the SAT to succeed in life or to be considered "smart".However, if you score well on the SAT, you will have the opportunity to attend better colleges and will be afforded more post-collegiate job opportunities.So even though the SAT may not be an indicator of smarts or success, you should still try to get the highest score possible. Be as cool as this guy! (and hopefully as rich) How can you improve your own SAT Score? Study the test format Make sure you know the test format cold.Be aware that there are changes coming to the SAT, the new SAT will start in the spring of 2016.To learn the test, check out our other free resources: how long is the SAT, how is the SAT scored, and how to get a perfect SAT score from a full 2400 scorer. Practice practice practice You should be practicing timed SAT tests and reviewing all of the answers you got wrong.Check out all of the free SAT tests available in our other article. Consider using a paid resource to help you prep If you enjoy our free articles, you would love our PrepScholar SAT prep program, and you can try it free for 5 days.We do the heavy lifting for you, by splitting up our prep material into specific skills. We'll detect your weaknesses automatically and give you focused lessons and quizzes to improve those skills.For more paid study resources, check out our recommended SAT prep books. What’s next? Check out our other resources for help raising your SAT score: The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes for the SAT/ACT The Best Way to Read the Passage in SAT Reading How to get 800 on SAT Writing: 11 Strategies from a Perfect Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Math, by a Perfect Scorer Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Using a Timer in MS Office VBA Macros

Using a Timer in MS Office VBA Macros For those of us who have our minds deeply into VB.NET, the journey back to VB6 can be a confusing trip. Using a Timer in VB6 is like that. At the same time, adding timed processes to your code is not obvious to new users of VBA Macros. Timers For Newbies Coding a Word VBA macro to automatically time a test that was written in Word is a typical reason for using a timer. Another common reason is to see just how much time is being taken by different parts of your code so you can work on optimizing the slow sections. Sometimes, you might want to see if anything is happening in the application when the computer seems to be just sitting there idle, which can be a security problem. Timers can do that. Start a Timer You start a timer by coding an OnTime statement. This statement is implemented in Word and Excel, but it has different syntax depending on which one youre using.  The syntax for Word is: expression.OnTime(When, Name, Tolerance) The syntax for Excel looks like this: expression.OnTime(EarliestTime, Procedure, LatestTime, Schedule) Both have the first and second parameter in common. The second parameter is the name of another macro that runs when the time in the first parameter is reached. In effect, coding this statement is like creating an event subroutine in VB6 or VB.NET terms. The event is reaching the time in the first parameter. The event subroutine is the second parameter. This is  different from the way it is coded in VB6 or VB.NET. For one thing, the macro named in the second parameter can be in any code that is accessible. In a Word document, Microsoft recommends putting it in the Normal document template. If you put it in another module, Microsoft recommends using the full path: Project.Module.Macro. The expression is usually the Application object. The Word and Excel documentation states that the third parameter can cancel the execution of the event macro in case a dialog or some other process prevents it from running within a certain time. In Excel, you can schedule a new time in case that happens. Code the Time Event Macro This code in Word is for the administrator who wants to display a notification that the testing time has expired and print the result of the test. Public Sub TestOnTime()Debug.Print The alarm will go off in 10 seconds!Debug.Print (Before OnTime: Now)alertTime Now TimeValue(00:00:10)Application.OnTime alertTime, EventMacroDebug.Print (After OnTime: Now)End SubSub EventMacro()Debug.Print (Executing Event Macro: Now)End Sub This results in the following content in the immediate window: The alarm will go off in 10 seconds!Before OnTime: 12/25/2000 7:41:23 PMAfter OnTime: 12/25/2000 7:41:23 PMExecuting Event Macro: 2/27/2010 7:41:33 PM Option for Other Office Apps Other Office applications dont implement OnTime. For those, you have several choices. First, you can use the Timer function, which simply returns the number of seconds since midnight on your PC, and does your own math, or you can use Windows API calls. Using Windows API calls has the advantage of being more precise than Timer. Heres a routine suggested by Microsoft that does the trick: Private Declare Function getFrequency Lib kernel32 _Alias QueryPerformanceFrequency (cyFrequency As Currency) As LongPrivate Declare Function getTickCount Lib kernel32 _Alias QueryPerformanceCounter (cyTickCount As Currency) As LongSub TestTimeAPICalls()Dim dTime As DoubledTime MicroTimerDim StartTime As SingleStartTime TimerFor i 1 To 10000000Dim j As Doublej Sqr(i)NextDebug.Print (MicroTimer Time taken was: MicroTimer - dTime)End SubFunction MicroTimer() As Double Returns seconds.Dim cyTicks1 As CurrencyStatic cyFrequency As CurrencyMicroTimer 0 Get frequency.If cyFrequency 0 Then getFrequency cyFrequency Get ticks.getTickCount cyTicks1 SecondsIf cyFrequency Then MicroTimer cyTicks1 / cyFrequencyEnd Function

Reading and writing skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading and writing skills - Essay Example The audience also influences the tone of the piece of writing, for instance when I am writing an email to a friend, I will assume a friendly tone, full of jokes unlike when I was writing to a prospective manager of a given company. Furthermore, the writing format will be different as in one will be official while the other one will be formal. After taking care of the interest of the audience, I would make an outline for the piece of writing. This will be important especially when the piece is a long one, notably it will help in reducing the task to a manageable piece of writing. Similarly writing has to involve the interest, actions and the attention of the readers. In doing this I try as much as possible to arouse the interest of the readers as much as possible. For instance, I will include jokes in the writing. Theme of writing of the story is another thing that puts most of the writers off the track. It is important that the writer develop a coherent and an interesting theme so that the audience or the assigner eliminates informed attitudes toward the message in question. On the same note, it is important that the writer maintain the use of a simple language taking keen interest of the plights of his audience. The purpose of writing a piece of art is primarily to communicate with the audience (Jones& Jay, 65). However, the way in which we do the communication is important as it reflects the intention of the communicator. The writer must first of all convince the instructor that he understands the theme he is writing about. This goes along side with the originality and creativity in writing. Moreover, development of the plots is another element that helps in achieving the beauty values in writing. A good writer should always aim at being original in his or her work and, free from plagiarism. However, in an event where he chooses to quote another authors work the he has to acknowledge that author.

Reserch paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reserch - Research Paper Example The coastal periphery was habitat to some of the world's first known civilizations, every one of them rising around productive river valleys. The central plain area had for a long time been occupied by horse-mounted travelers who could reach every areas of Asia from the plains. The earliest assumed growth out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans, who increased their languages to South Asia, the Middle East, and the borders of China. The northernmost division of Asia, which includes much of Siberia, was chiefly unreachable to the steppe nomads, due to the thick forests, climate as well as tundra. These regions remained very thinly populated (Randall, 2004). The middle and the borders were typically kept divided by deserts and mountains. The Himalaya Mountains and Caucasus and the Gobi and Karakum deserts formed obstacles that the steppe horsemen could only cross with trouble. As the urban city inhabitants were more superior socially and technologically, in numerous cases they c ould do little in an armed aspect to shield against the mounted gangs of the steppe. On the other hand, the lowlands did not have adequate open grasslands to sustain large horse bound strength. This made the nomads who conquered states in India, China and the Middle East to often adapt to the local, wealthier societies (Randall, 2004). The Islamic Caliphate took over Central Asia and the Middle East in the Muslim invasions of the 7th century. The Mongol Empire occupied a large fraction of Asia in the 13th century. These areas extend from China to Europe. The rule of law has been peddled repeatedly by scholars in the West as an essential modernity aspect. According to that quantification of period, the rule of law being the basis of the first merger of China in the 2nd century BC, civilization occurred in china 23 centuries ago. Researchers tip that by the conclusion of the 17th century, while the Chinese empire often emerged in English literature as a symbol for tyranny, it was also at times congratulated for its lawful code long recognized on ideals of morality, order and good government (Irina, 2005). By the close of the 19th century and during to the start of the 20th, every Asian country has had Western systems of government and law. some got this by colonial obligation, an example being India and the former East Indies, presently known as Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, present-day Malaysia Hong Kong, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. Some countries had voluntary adoption - Japan and by it Korea, Nationalist China and Formosa/Taiwan (Mark, 2002). The political and legal structures introduced various directions. The Britons brought the common Law as well as the Westminster parliamentary system; the French, dutch, Spanish and Portuguese had the Civil and Roman-Dutch Law combined with administration. Late into the second half of the 20th century, Asia witnesses the Soviet-socialist systems amid Marxism-communism. With political administration and law on one hand and culture, arts and educational progressions on the other, Asia saw an assortment of cultural situations. The past British colonies can be characterized as pragmatist, the Spanish as social hierarchical, the French as cultural selective and the Dutch as authoritarian administrative. These features delicately but significantly color the personality of each one society. This is to say that the British district officer principles and advance of Mr Lee Kuan Yew,